Abstract: This study compared the use of cephapirin and oxytetracycline for the treatment of clinical endometritis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius). Sixty multiparous camels suffered from repeat breeding during the breeding season and were owned by Bedouin in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were included in this study. The perineal region of the camels was inspected for the presence of any discharge and the animals underwent rectal and vaginal palpation. Additionally, trans-rectal ultrasound examinations were performed to examine the reproductive organs, the thickness of the uterine wall and the uterine contents. Forty eight camels were diagnosed with endometritis and randomly assigned to one of two groups. All camels in both groups were treated with a single intra-uterine dose of antibiotic during their estrus phase. In group A, camels were infused with 500 mg of cephapirin benzathine (Metricure^®). In group B, camels were treated with 2 g of oxytetracycline HCl (Tetravet Foaming Pessary^®). About 14 days after the intra-uterine treatment, all camels were re examined ultrasonographically to evaluate their response to treatment. Only recovered camels were allowed to mate naturally 3 weeks after intra-uterine treatment. Pregnancy was diagnosed ultrasonographically on day 20 post-mating and confirmed on day 40. The recovery was significantly higher (p<0.01) in cephapirin-treated animals (87.5%) than in oxytetracycline-treated animals (66.7%). Moreover, the conception rate was significantly higher (p<0.01) in camels treated with cephapirin (76.2%) than in camels treated with oxytetracycline (62.5%). In conclusion, cephapirin can be considered an efficient intra-uterine antibiotic for the treatment of endometritis in camels. Additionally, cephapirin produces better post-treatment conception rates than oxytetracycline.