References

Abdelsamei, A.H., D.G. Fox, L.O. Tedeschi, M.L. Thonney, D.J. Ketchien and J.R. Stouffer, 2005. The effect of milk intake on forage intake and growth of nursing calves. J. Anim. Sci., 83: 940-947.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Anderson, K.L., T.G. Nagaraja and J.L. Morrill, 1987. Ruminal metabolic development in calves weaned conventionally or early. J. Dairy Sci., 70: 1000-1005.
PubMed  |  

Bartlett, K.S., F.K. McKeith, M.J. Vandehaar, G.E. Dahl and J.K. Drackley, 2006. Growth and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of the protein at two feeding rates. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 1454-1467.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Blome, R.M., J.K. Drackley, F.K. McKeith, M.F. Hutjens and G.C. McCoy, 2003. Growth, nutrient utilization and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replaces containing different amounts of protein. J. Anim. Sci., 81: 1641-1655.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Brooke, M.H. and K.K. Kaiser, 1969. Some comments on the histochemical characterization of muscle adenosine triphosphatase. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 17: 431-432.
PubMed  |  

Brooke, M.H. and K.K. Kaiser, 1970. Muscle fiber types: How many and what kind? Arch. Neurol., 23: 369-379.
PubMed  |  

Brooke, M.H., 1970. Some Comments on Neural Influence on the Two Histochemical Types of Muscle Fibers. In: The Physiology and Biochemistry of Muscle as a Food, Briskey, E.J., R.G. Cassens, B.B. Marsh, (Eds.). Vol. 2, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI., USA., pp: 131-153.

Brown, E.G., M.J. Vandehaar, K.M. Daniels, J.S. Liesman, L.T. Chapin, D.H. Keisler and M.S.W. Nielsen, 2005. Effect of increasing energy and protein intake on body growth and carcass composition of heifer calves. J. Dairy Sci., 88: 585-594.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Charles, P., J.W. Poser, L. Mosekilde and F.T. Jensen, 1985. Estimation of bone turnover evaluated by 47Ca-kinetics efficiency of serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein, serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion. J. Clin. Invest., 76: 2254-2258.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Cohen, P., D.M. Peehl, G. Lamson and R.G. Rosenfeld, 1991. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF receptors and IGF-binding proteins in primary cultures of prostate epithelial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 73: 401-407.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Gotoh, T., 2003. Histochemical properties of skeletal muscles in Japanese cattle and their meat production ability. Anim. Sci. J., 74: 339-354.
Direct Link  |  

Gotoh, T., S. Imamura, H. Iwamoto and Y. Ono, 1999. Comparative study on the myofiber type composition and the fat deposit in M. longissimus thoracis between young heifer groups of Japanese Black fed freely on concentrate and roughage. Proceedings of the 45th International Congress of Meat Science and Technology, Aug. 1-6, Yokohama, Japan, pp: 278-297.

Greenwood, P.L., N.W. Tomkins, R.A. Hunter, P.G. Allingham, S. Harden and G.S. Harper, 2009. Bovine myofiber characteristics are influenced by post-weaning nutrition. J. Anim. Sci., 87: 3114-3123.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Hammond, M.A., 1932. Growth and the Development of Mutton Qualities in the Sheep. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, London.

Hill, S.R., K.F. Knowlton, K.M. Daniels, R.E. James, R.E. Pearson, A.V. Capuco and R.M. Akers, 2008. Effects of milk replacer composition on growth, body composition and nutrient excretion in preweaned Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci., 91: 3145-3155.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Hinterberger, T.J., D.A. Sassoon, S.J. Rhodes and S.F. Konieczny, 1991. Expression of the muscle regulatory factor MRF4 during somite and skeletal myofiber development. Dev. Biol., 147: 144-156.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Hossner, K.L., R.H. McCusker and M.V. Dodson, 1997. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in domestic animals. Anim. Sci., 64: 1-15.
Direct Link  |  

Kamiya, M., M. Matsuzaki, H. Orito, Y. Kamiya, Y. Nakamura and E. Tsuneishi, 2009. Effects of feeding level of milk replacer on body growth, plasma metabolite and insulin concentrations and visceral organ growth of suckling calves. Anim. Sci. J., 80: 662-668.
CrossRef  |  

Kristensen, N.B., J. Sehestd, S.K. Jensen and M. Vestergaard, 2007. Effect of milk allowance on concentrate intake, ruminal environment and ruminal development in milk-fed Holstein calves. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 4346-4355.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Lee, H., R.S.A. Vega, L.T. Phung, N. Matsunaga, H. Kuwayama and H. Hidari, 2000. Changes in plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and IGFBP-3 during fasting in Holstein adult steers and calves. Anim. Sci. J., 71: 178-188.
Direct Link  |  

McGuire, M.A., J.L. Vicini, D.E. Bauman and J.J. Veenhuizen, 1992. Insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in ruminants and their nutritional regulation. J. Anim. Sci., 70: 2901-2910.
PubMed  |  

Megeney, L.A. and M.A. Rudicki, 1995. Determination versus differentiation and the MyoD family of transcription factors. Biochem. Cell Biol., 73: 723-732.
PubMed  |  

Muroya, S., I. Nakajima and K. Chikuni, 2002. Sequential expression of myogenic regulatory factors in bovine skeletal muscle and the satellite cell culture. Anim. Sci. J., 73: 375-381.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Murre, C., P.S. McCaw and D. Baltimore, 1989. A new DNA binding and dimerization motif in immunoglobulin enhancer binding, daughterless, MyoD and myc proteins. Cell, 56: 777-783.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Okamoto, K., U. Ueda, R. Maeda, A. Mizutani and T. Sugiyama, 1976. Microscopic Histochemistry. Vol. 1, Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo.

Quigley, J.D., T.A. Wolfe and T.H. Elsasser, 2006. Effects of additional milk replacer feeding on calf health, growth and selected blood metabolites in calves. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 207-216.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Shibata, M., K. Matsumoto, K. Aikawa, T. Muramoto, S. Fujimura and M. Kadowaki, 2006. Gene expression of myostatin during development and regeneration of skeletal muscle in Japanese Black cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 2983-2989.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Tikofsky, J.N., M.E. van Amburgh and D.A. Ross, 2001. Effect of varying carbohydrate and fat content of milk replacer on body composition of Holstein bull calves. J. Anim. Sci., 79: 2260-2267.
PubMed  |  

Tozer, P.R. and A.J. Heinrichs, 2001. What affects the costs of raising replacement dairy heifers: A multiples-componet analysis. J. Dairy Sci., 84: 1836-1844.
PubMed  |  

Velayudhan, B.T., K.M. Daniels, D.P. Horrell, S.R. Hill and M.L. McGilliard et al., 2008. Developmental histology, segmental expression and nutritional regulation of somatotropic axis genes in small intestine of preweaned dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci., 91: 3343-3352.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Weintraub, H., 1993. The MyoD family and myogenesis: Redundancy, networks and thresholds. Cell, 75: 1241-1244.
PubMed  |  

Wright, W.E., D.A. Sassoon and V.K. Lin, 1989. Myogenin, a factor regulating myogenesis, has a domain homologous to MyoD. Cell, 56: 607-617.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |