Abstract: The issue of the Russian mentality has been actively developed in different sciences including social studies. The attempts were made to identify its essence to describe its main features. The peculiar features of the modern Russian mentality were investigated to a lesser extent. This study investigates the specifics of manifestation of the Russian mentality in modern Russia. It has analyzed and summarized the sociological data concerning the mentality of a modern Russian man. As the result, the original definition of the Russian mentality was developed, its essential and specific properties were described. Such specific features of the Russian mentality of the post-Soviet Russian society as inconsistency, Eurasian orientation and sustainability have been analyzed in details. Some other specific features of the Russian mentality have also been identified: tending of a Russian man to support of primarily global projects, focus primarily not on the material-pragmatic but spiritual objectives, commitment to implementation of the projects that determine building up of the social justice and social equality in the Russian society. The validity of the results obtained is based on their correlation to the findings derived by other researchers of the Russian mentality. The necessity of taking into consideration these specific features of the Russian mentality by implementation of the socio-economic reforms in modern Russia was substantiated.