Abstract: Coastal and marine resources that are freely accessible to everyone (open access) lead to systematic social conflict. This happens because everyone is trying to maximize their access to take the maximum benefit. This research analyzed the role and interests of actors over coastal and marine resources in Tomini Bay. Everyone is fighting over power of access to these resources. The data collected in this research was primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through in depth interviews and observations. Informant selection was done through snowball technique. While secondary data was obtained through literature studies. Data analysis was done through qualitative approach. The results of the research showed that there are five actors who have roles and interests in Tomini Bay, namely the state both central and local, private, multilateral agencies, NGOs and indigenous people, Bajo tribe. The state is legitimized by laws as both a protector and a beneficiary of natural resources. The state then grants concession rights to the corporation. On the basis of the concession rights, corporations exploit coastal and marine resources in Tomini Bay. Conflicts occur because the concession areas are under the control of indigenous people as their hereditary livelihood basis. As a result of the exploitation of coastal and marine resources has caused severe environmental damage. This encourages the involvement of local and international NGOs, working with indigenous people, rehabilitating mangroves for the sustainability of existing resources as well preventing the damage of mangrove area that is still intact. The movement has received financial support from multilateral agencies.