Abstract: A field experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of organic-chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (NPK 16:16:8) on the growth and yield of rice Chai Nat 1 in Roi-Et province, Northeast Thailand. Organic-chemical fertilizer was developed from organic fertilizer 82+9.0 kg of NPK 46:0:0 + 4.5 kg of NPK 18:46:0 and 4.5 kg of NPK 0:0:60. Five treatments were compared consisting of : T₁ (control without fertilizer); T₂ (312.5 kg ha^-1 organic-chemical fertilizer); T₃ (625 kg ha^-1 organic-chemical fertilizer); T₄ (937.5 kg ha^-1 organic-chemical fertilizer) and T₅ (chemical fertilizer; 312.5 kg ha^-1 NPK 16:16:8). Yield of rice grains under all treatments increased between 2-4 times when compared to the control (1.37 t ha^-1). In terms of statistical data, growth and yield of rice Chai Nat 1 obtained from organic-chemical and chemical fertilizers were significantly different at a confidence level of 95% to the control. Application of organic-chemical fertilizer alone showed 2-2.5 times (2.66-3.43 t ha^-1) increased yield of grains over the control. However, maximum grain yield (5.57 t ha^-1) was obtained from T₅ (chemical fertilizer) which also gave the highest all yield parameters such as number of grain per panicle (108.20), total number panicle per hill (14.82), plant height (62.48 cm) and percentage of filled grain (82.17%). Excluding labor costs, even maximum grain yield obtained from chemical fertilizer was higher than those found from organic-chemical fertilizer but taking into account chemical fertilizer cost which is 3.4 times higher than organic-chemical fertilizer. Therefore, the soil amendment with organic-chemical fertilizer may be a practicable alternative for the farmers who are unable to afford the cost of chemical fertilizer. Moreover, organic-chemical fertilizer farming is more economically viable, beneficial for farmers livelihoods and environmentally friendly than those found in chemical fertilizer farming alone.