Abstract: The study is devoted to the UN peacekeeping operation in South Sudan which became necessary to overcome the effects of the civil war which lasted 39 years with intervals. It began in 1955 and only in 2005 the truce was established. After the referendum in July 2011 South Sudan was proclaimed an independent state and UN peacekeeping operation began, simultaneously to assist the government of this country to ensure stability and security of the civilian population. Particular emphasis UN Security Council made on the protection of civilians. With this aim the country was introduced with significant contingent of military personnel. A series of armed conflicts which began in Southern Sudan shortly after the independence proclamation, especially in Jonglei State led the UN to strengthen the military component of its mission. The armed conflict began in the capital, Juba in December 2013. The Security Council reacted immediately and authorized an increase in the number of troops of the peacekeeping forces.