References

Abdoun, K., F. Stumpff and H. Martens, 2006. Ammonia and urea transport across the rumen epithelium: A review. Anim. Health Res. Rev., 7: 43-59.
PubMed  |  

Engelhardt, W. and W. Nickel, 1978. Factors Influencing the Endogenous Urea-N Secretion and Utilization in the Gastrointestinal Tract. In: Ruminants Digestion and Feed Evaluation, Osboum, D., D Beever and D. Thomson (Eds.). Agricultural Research Council, London, pp: 4.1-4.12.

Gozho, G.N., M.R. Hobin and T. Mutsvangwa, 2008. Interactions between barley grain processing and source of supplemental dietary fat on nitrogen metabolism and urea-nitrogen recycling in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 91: 247-259.
CrossRef  |  

Harmeyer, J. and H. Martens, 1980. Aspects of urea metabolism in ruminants with reference to the goat. J. Dairy Sci., 63: 1707-1728.
PubMed  |  

Kennedy, P. and L. Milligan, 1980. The degradation and utilization of endogenous urea in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants: A review. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 60: 205-221.

Lapierre, H. and G. Lobley, 2001. Nitrogen recycling in the ruminanta: A review. J. Dairy Sci., 84: E223-E236.

Marini, J., J. Sands and M. van Amburgh, 2006. Urea Transporters and Urea Recycling in Ruminants. In: Ruminant Physiology, Sejrsen, K., T. Hvelplund and M. Nielsen (Eds.). Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp: 155-171.

Read, B., 1925. Chemical constituents of camel`s urine. J. Biol. Chem., 4: 615-617.

Remond, D., J.P. Chaise, E. Delval and C. Poncet, 1993. Net transfer of urea and ammonia across the ruminal wall of sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 71: 2785-2792.
PubMed  |  

Reynolds, C.K. and N.B. Kristensen, 2008. Nitrogen recycling through the gut and the nitrogen economy of ruminants: A synchronous symbiosis. J. Anim. Sci., 86: E293-305.
PubMed  |  

Schmidt-Nielsen, B. and H. Osaki, 1958. Renal response to changes in nitrogen metabolism in sheep. Am. J. Physiol., 193: 657-661.
PubMed  |  

Thorlacius, S.O., A. Dobson and A.F. Sellers, 1971. Effect of carbon dioxide on urea diffusion through bovine ruminal epithelium. Am. J. Physiol., 220: 162-170.
PubMed  |