References

Bowman, S.M. and S.J. Free, 2006. The structure and synthesis of the fungal cell wall. BioEssays, 28: 799-808.
CrossRef  |  

Box, G.E.P. and N.R. Draper, 1987. Empirical Model-Building and Response Surfaces. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, USA., ISBN-13: 9780471810339, Pages: 699.

Braun, S. and S.E. Vecht-Lifshitz, 1991. Mycelial morphology and metabolite production. Trends Biotechnol., 9: 63-68.
CrossRef  |  

Cao, L., Y. Jiang, Y. Yu, X. Wei and W. Li, 2008. Methods for producing glucosamine from microbial biomass. US Patent 0188649 A1.

Carter, S.B., S.E. Nokes and C.L. Crofcheck, 2004. The influence of environmental temperature and substrate initial moisture content on Aspergillus niger growth and phytase production in solid-state cultivation. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 47: 945-949.
Direct Link  |  

Chatterjee, S., M. Adhya, A.K. Guha and B.P. Chatterjee, 2005. Chitosan from Mucor rouxii, production and physico-chemical characterization. Proc. Biochem., 40: 395-400.

D`Ambrosio, E., B. Casa, R. Bompani, G. Scali and M. Scali, 1981. Glucosamine sulphate: A controlled clinical investigation in arthrosis. Pharmacotherpeutica, 2: 504-508.
PubMed  |  

Deng, M.D., D.K. Severson, A.D. Grund, S.L. Wassink and R.P. Burlingame et al., 2005. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for industrial production of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Metab. Eng., 7: 201-214.
CrossRef  |  

Ferrer, J., G. Paez, Z. Marmol, E. Ramones, H. Garcia and C.F. Forster, 1996. Acid hydrolysis of shrimp-shell wastes and the production of single cell protein from the hydrolysate. Bioresour. Technol., 57: 55-60.
Direct Link  |  

Gbolagade, J., A. Sobowale and D. Adejoye, 2006. Optimization of sub-merged culture conditions for biomass production in Pleurotus florida (mont.) Singer, a Nigerian edible fungus. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 5: 1464-1469.
Direct Link  |  

Hajji, M., A. Rebai, N. Gharsallah and M. Nasri, 2008. Optimization of alkaline protease production by Aspergillus clavatus ES1 in Mirabilis jalapa tuber powder using statistical experimental design. Applied Microbiol. Biotechnol., 79: 915-923.
CrossRef  |  

Hsieh, J.W., H.S. Wu, Y.H. Wei and S.S. Wang, 2007. Determination and kinetics of producing glucosamine using fungi. Biotechnol. Progress, 23: 1009-1016.
CrossRef  |  

Jung, W.J., G.H. Jo, J.H. Kuk, K.Y. Kim and R.D. Park, 2005. Demineralization of crab shells by chemical and biological treatments. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng., 10: 67-72.
CrossRef  |  

Kennedy, M. and D. Krouse, 1999. Strategies for improving fermentation medium performance: A review. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 23: 456-475.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kim, W.J., W.G. Lee, K. Theodore and H.N. Chang, 2001. Optimization of culture conditions and continuous production of chitosan by the fungi, Absidia coerulea. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng., 6: 6-10.
CrossRef  |  

Kuk, J.H., W.J. Jung, G.H. Jo, Y.C. Kim, K.Y. Kim and R.D. Park, 2005. Production of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine from chitin by Aeromonas sp. GJ-18 crude enzyme. Applied Microb. Biotechnol., 68: 384-389.
Direct Link  |  

Li, Z.J., V. Shukla, K.S. Wenger, A.P. Fordyce, A.G. Pedersen and M.R. Marten, 2002. Effects of increased impeller power in a production-scale Aspergillusoryzae fermentation. Biotechnol. Progress, 18: 437-444.
CrossRef  |  

Liao, W., Y. Liu, C. Frear and S. Chen, 2008. Co-production of fumaric acid and chitin from a nitrogen-rich lignocellulosic material - dairy manure - using a pelletized filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 20344. Bioresour. Technol., 99: 5859-5866.
CrossRef  |  

Lim, J.M., S.W. Kim, H.J. Hwang, J.H. Joo, H.O. Kim, J.W. Choi and J.W. Yun, 2004. Optimization of medium by orthogonal matrix method for submerged mycelial culture and exopolysaccharide production in Collybia maculata. Applied Biochem. Biotechnol., 119: 159-170.
CrossRef  |  

Mattia, A., 2004. Agency response letter GRAS notice No. GRN 000150. CFSAN/Office of Food Additive Safety.

Montgomery, D.C., 1991. Design and Analysis of Experiments. 3rd Edn., John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, Pages: 500.

Niladevi, K.N., R.K. Sukumaran, N. Jacob, G.S. Anisha and P. Prema, 2009. Optimization of laccase production from a novel strain-Streptomyces psammoticus using response surface methodology. Microbiol. Res., 164: 105-113.
CrossRef  |  

Nwe, N., S. Chandrkrachang, W.F. Stevens, T. Maw, T.K. Tan, E. Khor and S.M. Wong, 2002. Production of fungal chitosan by solid state and submerged fermentation. Carbohydrate Polymers, 49: 235-237.
CrossRef  |  

Papagianni, M., 2004. Fungal morphology and metabolite production in submerged mycelia processes. Biotech. Adv., 22: 189-259.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Ratnam, B.V.V., S.S. Rao, D.R. Mendu, M.N. Rao and C. Ayyanna, 2005. Optimization of medium constituents and fermentation conditions for the production of ethanol from palmyra jaggery using response surface methodology. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 21: 399-404.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Rattanakit, N., S. Yang, M. Wakayama, A. Plikomol and T. Tachiki, 2003. Saccharification of chitin using solid-state culture of Aspergillus sp. S1-13 with shellfish waste as a substrate. J. Biosci. Bioeng., 95: 391-396.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Rogers, B.D., 2004. Notification of GRAS determination for REGENASURETM glucosamine hydrochloride. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/gras_notices/400760A.PDF.

Ruiz-Teran, F. and J.D. Owens, 1996. Chemical and enzymic changes during the fermentation of bacteria-free soya bean tempe. J. Sci. Food Agric., 71: 523-530.
CrossRef  |  

Sashiwa, H., S. Fujishima, N. Yamano, N. Kawasaki and A. Nakayama et al., 2002. Production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from α-chitin by crude enzymes from Aeromonas hydrophila H-2330. Carbohydr. Res., 337: 761-763.

Sitanggang, A.B., H.S. Wu and S.S. Wang, 2009. Determination of fungal glucosamine using HPLC with 1-Napthyl isothiocyanate derivatization and microwave heating. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng., 14: 819-827.

Sparringa R.A. and J.D.I. Owens, 1999. Glucosamine content of tempe mould, Rhizopus oligosporus. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 47: 153-157.
CrossRef  |  

Xiong, C., C. Shouwen, S. Ming and Y. Ziniu, 2005. Medium optimization by response surface methodology for poly-γ-glutamic acid production using dairy manure as the basis of a solid substrate. Applied Microbiol. Biotechnol., 69: 390-396.
CrossRef  |  

Yu, K.W., Y.S. Kim, K.S. Shin, J.M. Kim and H.J. Suh, 2005. Macrophage-stimulating activity of exo-biopolymer from cultured rice bran with Monascus pilosus. Applied Biochem. Biotechnol., 126: 35-48.
CrossRef  |