Abstract: Chronic kidney disease is a one of worldwide public health problems. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) also known as chronic renal disease or chronic renal failure is a degenerative, progressive condition marked by the gradual loss of kidney function. The experience is traumatic not only for the patients but also for their families who are frequently unable to provide the medical services needed due to the high cost of treatment. Optimally, CKD are treated with dialysis or kidney transplant. Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology has emerged as a major health care problem in the North-Central of Sri Lanka during the last few decades. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of kidney disease and the identifying the responsibity of the government other authorities regarding solving this burning issue. Research problem is “reasons and social impact of CKD patients in North central province?” Survey was conducted to identify the research problem and data were collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group interviews. Research area was Padawiya in Padawiya Divisional secretariat. In developed countries, the most common causes of CKD are obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes. But in Sri Lankan context, there is a significant high rate of kidney patients in north central province. Many researches were conducted to identify the causes and effects of the disease. Deferent researchers have identified different causes including insecticides, fluoride water, poisons, arsenic, dehydration, drugs, smoking, affect from hard metals. Research findings including spreading rate, sex ratio, geographical and environmental relations, food patterns, livelihood patterns, water resources are making a path to open a new discussion on these issues.