References

Bancroft, J., A. Stevens and D. Turner, 1996. Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. 4th Edn., Churchill, Livingston, New York, London, San Francisco, Tokyo Pages: 740.

Belknap, E.B., J.K. Collins, V.K. Ayers and P.C. Schultheiss, 1994. Experimental infection of neonatal calves with neurovirulent bovine herpes virus type 1.3. Vet. Pathol., 31: 356-358.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Bianchi, M. and A. Merighi, 1986. The relationship between lipofuschin and neuromelanin in some sites of the nervous system of the horse. Exp. Biol., 46: 89-99.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Burnes, J.M., A. Lopez, J. Medellin, D. Haines, E. Loza and M. Martinez, 1997. An outbreak of vampire bat transmitted rabies in cattle in Northeastern Mexico. Can. Vet. J., 38: 175-177.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Burton, E.C., D.K. Burns, M.J. Opatowsky, W.H. El-Feky and B. Fischbach et al., 2005. Rabies encephalomyelitis: Clinical, neuroradiological and pathological findings in 4 transplant recipients. Arch. Neurol., 62: 873-882.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Caplazi, P., A. Waldroget, L. Stitz, U. Braun and F. Ehrensperger, 1994. Borna disease in naturally infected cattle. J. Comp. Pathol., 111: 65-72.
PubMed  |  

Clark, W.W., J.L. Hourrigan and W.J. Heldow, 1995. Encephalopathy in cattle experimentally infected with the scrapie agent. Am. J. Vet. Res., 56: 606-612.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Cozzi, B., M. Pellegrini and A. Droghi, 1988. Neuromelanin in the substantia nigra of adult horses. Acta Anz., 166: 53-61.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Cummings, J.F., A. De Lahunta and B.A. Summers, 1993. Eosinophilic cytoplasm Inclusions in sporadic equine motor neuron disease: An electron microscope study. Acta Neuropathol., 85: 291-297.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Dannatt, L., F. Galy and A.J. Trees, 1995. Abortion due to Neospora species in a dairy herd. Vet. Rec., 137: 566-567.
PubMed  |  

Dubey, J.P., E.B. Janovitz and A.J. Skowroneck, 1992. Clinical neosporosis in a 4 week old Hereford calf. Vet. Parasitol., 43: 137-141.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Foley, G.L. and J.F. Zachary, 1995. Rabies induced Spongiform change and encephalitis in a heifer. Vet. Pathol., 32: 309-311.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Gardiner, P.A., R.K.G. Assoku, D.D. Whitelaw and M. Murray, 1989. Haemorrhagic lesions resulting from Trypanosoma vivax infection in Ayreshire cattle. Vet. Parasitol., 31: 187-197.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Hager, H., 1968. Electron Microscopy of the Nervous Tissues. In: Pathology of the Nervous System, Minckler, J. (Ed.). Vol. I, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp: 149-167.

Herrup, K. and Y. Yang, 2007. Cell cycle regulation in the postmitotic neuron: Oxymoron or new biology? Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 8: 368-378.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Hill, B.D., P.F. Black, M. Kelly, D. Mur and W.A.J. McDonald, 1992. Bovine cranial zygomycosis caused by Saksenaea vasiformis. Aust. Vet. J., 69: 173-174.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Jeffery, M., 1992. A neuropathological survey of brains submitted under the bovine spongiform encephalopathy orders in Scotland. Vet. Rec., 131: 332-337.
PubMed  |  

Lee, J.K., J.S. Park, J.H. Choi, B.K. Park and B.C. Lee et al., 2002. Encephalomylitis associated with Akabane virus infection in adult cows. Vet. Pathol., 39: 269-273.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Liggitt, H.D. and J.C. Demartini, 1980. The patho morphology of malignant catarrhal fever. I. Generalized lymphoid vasculitis. Vet. Pathol., 17: 58-72.
PubMed  |  

Lonkar, P.S. and M.C. Prasad, 1994. Pathology of amprolium induced CCN in goats. Small Ruminant Res., 13: 85-92.
CrossRef  |  

Lumsden, C.E., 1968. Tissue Culture in Neuropathology. In: Pathology of the Nervous System, Minckler, J. (Ed.). Vol. 1, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, pp: 240-263.

Luna, L.G., 1968. Mannual Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd Edn., McGraw-Hill Book Corporation, New York, pp: 251.

Luse, S., 1968. Microglia. In: Pathology of the Nervous System, Minckler, J. (Ed.). Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp: 531-538.

McGee, E.D., C.H. Littleton, J.B. Mapp and K.J. Brown, 1992. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis in an adult cow. Vet. Pathol., 29: 361-363.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Merighi, A. and S.M. Peirone, 1985. Histochemical and ultrastructural features of neuronal pigment in some encephalic nuclei of ruminants. Exp. Biol., 44: 109-121.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Myburgh, J.G., N. Fourie, L.J.J. Vander, T.S. Kellerman, S.T. Cornelius, C. Ward and V.T.S. Lugt, 1994. A nervous disorder in cattle caused by the plants Ficus ingens Var ingens and Ficus cordata subsp. salififolia. Ondersterport J. Vet. Res., 61: 171-176.
Direct Link  |  

Nair, N.D., K.V. Valsla, K.M. Ramachandran and A. Rajan, 1985. Experimental studies Chela leaf (Ficus tsiela Roxb) poisoning in calves. Kerala J. Vet. Sci., 16: 94-99.
Direct Link  |  

Nakamura, N., H. Yamaguthi, H. Furuoka and T. Matsui, 2000. An encephalopathy with agyrophilic inclusions in a Holstein-Friesian cow. Vet. Pathol., 37: 462-464.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Neeraja, N., N.R. Gopalnaidu and P.K. Sriraman, 1999. Pathological changes in nervous system in Monocrotophos (Nuvacron) toxicity in calves. Ind. J. Vet. Pathol., 23: 68-69.

Nelson, J.S., H. Mena, J.E. Parisi and S.S. Schochet, 2003. Principles and Practice of Neuropathology. 2nd Edn., Oxford University Press, New York, ISBN: 0-19-512589-4, pp: 593.

Netsky, M.G., 1968. Degenerations of the Cerebellum and its Pathways. In: Pathological Nervous System, Minckler, J. (Ed.). Vol. I, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp: 1163-1185.

O'Toole, D., V. Welch, K. Redland and E.S. Williams, 1993. Ubiquinated inclusions in Brains from salers calves with beta-mannosidosis. Vet. Pathol., 30: 381-385.
Direct Link  |  

Pathak, A.K., N. Joshi and R.K. Joshi, 2001. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Intas. Polivet., 2: 1-8.
Direct Link  |  

Perez, S.E., G. Bretschneider, M.R. Leunda, F.A. Osorio, E.F. Flores and A.C. Odeon, 2002. Primary infection, latency and reactivation of bovine nervous system. Vet. Pathol., 39: 437-444.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Piercy, D.W.T., P.C. Griffiths and C.J. Teale, 1999. Encephalitis related to Chlamydia psittaci infection in a 14-week-old calf. Vet. Rec., 144: 126-128.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Raine, C.S. and A.H. Cross, 1989. Axonal dystrophy as a consequence of long term demyelination. Lab. Invest., 60: 714-725.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Rippy, M.K., M.J. Topper, C.A. Mebus and J.C. Marrill, 1992. Rift valley fever virus-induced encephalomyelitis and hepatitis in calves. Vet. Pathol., 29: 495-502.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Sager, R.L., D.W. Hamar and D.H. Gould, 1990. Clinical and biochemical alterations in calves with nutritionally induced polioencephalomalacia. Am. J. Vet. Res., 51: 1969-1974.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Schulman, S., 1968. Wilsons Disease. In: Pathological of the Nervous System, Minckler, J. (Ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp: 1139-1152.

Sheehan, D.C. and B.B. Hrapchack, 1980. Theory and Practice of Histotechnology. 2nd Edn., Mosby, London, ISBN: 10: 0935470395, pp: 481.

Shibahara, T., R. Harino, T. Taniguchi and Y. Ando, 1995. Auto-fluorescent substance and neurocyte necrosis in thiamine deficiency in cattle. Aust. Vet. J., 77: 329-330.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Singh, K.P., N.S. Parihar and B.N. Tripathi, 1992. Brain lesions in experimental Clostridium chauvoei infection in hill bulls. Ind. J. Vet. Pathol., 16: 79-82.

Stewart, W.B., 1997. Idiopathic brain stem neuronal chromatolysis in cattle: Two case studies. Vet. Rec., 140: 260-261.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Summers, B.A. and J.F. Cummings and A. De Lahunta, 1995. Veterinary Neuropathology. In: Principles of Neuropathology, Duncan, L. (Ed.). Mosby, Missouri, pp: 1-67.

Theil, D., R. Fatzer, T. Caplazi, A. Zubriggen and S. Vandevelde, 1998. Neuropathological and etiological studies of sporadic nonsuppurative meningo encephalomyelitis of cattle. Vet. Rec., 143: 244-249.
PubMed  |  

Truceman, K.F. and D.C. Clague, 1978. Sodium chloride poisoning in cattle. Aust. Vet. J., 54: 89-91.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Wada, Y., W. Kajiwara and K. Kato, 1995. Wilsons disease like lesion in a calf. Vet. Pathol., 32: 538-539.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Wellde, B.T., M.J. Reardon, R.M. Kovatch, D.A. Chumo and J.S. Williams et al., 1989. Experimental infection of cattle With Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 83: 133-150.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Yamasaki, H., T. Umemura, M. Goryo and C. Itakura, 1991. Chronic lesions of thrombo-embolic meningo encephalomyelitis in calves. J. Comp. Pathol., 105: 303-312.
CrossRef  |