International Journal of Tropical Medicine

Year: 2012
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page No. 6 - 16

Area-Based Socioeconomic Conditions and Urban Malaria and Diarrhea Mortalities in Accra, Ghana

Authors : Julius N. Fobil, Wibke Loag , Norbert Schwarz , Frederick Rodrigues , Christian G. Meyer , Alexander Kraemer and Juergen May

References

Al-Taiar, A., A. Assabri, M. Al-Habori, A. Azazy, A. Algabri, M. Alganadi, C.J. Whitty and S. Jaffar, 2009. Socioeconomic and environmental factors important for acquiring non-severe malaria in children in Yemen: A case-control study. Trans R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 103: 72-88.
PubMed  |  

Arhin-Tenkorang, D., 2001. Mobilizing resources for health: The case for user fees revisited. Working paper no. 81. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.

Asenso-Okyere, W.K., A. Anum, I. Osei-Akoto and A. Adukonu, 1998. Cost recovery in Ghana: Are there any changes in health care seeking behaviour?. Health Policy Plann., 13: 181-188.
Direct Link  |  

Aveyard, P., 1998. A fresh look at proportional mortality ratios. Public Health, 112: 77-80.

Awoonor-Williams, J.K., E.S. Feinglass, R. Tobey, M.N. Vaughan-Smith and F.K. Nyonator et al., 2004. Bridging the gap between evidence-based innovation and national health-sector reform in Ghana. Stud. Fam. Plann., 35: 161-177.
Direct Link  |  

Benefo, K. and T.P. Schultz, 1996. Fertility and child mortality in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana. World Bank Econ. Rev., 10: 123-158.
Direct Link  |  

Berger, S.G., S.D. Pee, M.W. Bloem, S. Halati and R.D. Semba, 2008. Malnutrition and morbidity among children not reached by the national vitamin a capsule programme in urban slum areas of Indonesia. Public Health, 122: 371-378.
Direct Link  |  

Brockerhoff, M. and P. Hewett, 2000. Inequality of child mortality among ethnic groups in sub-Saharan Africa. Bull World Health Organ., 78: 30-41.
PubMed  |  

Brydon, L., 1999. With a little bit of luck: Coping with adjustment in urban Ghana, 1975-90. Africa. (Roma), 69: 366-385.
Direct Link  |  

Chang, J.Y., Locke G.R., C.D. Schleck, A.R. Zinsmeister and N.J. Talley, 2009. Risk factors for chronic diarrhoea in the community in the absence of irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil., 21: 1060-1087.
PubMed  |  

Conway, D.I., A.D. McMahon, K. Smith, R. Black nad G. Robertson et al., 2009. Components of socioeconomic risk associated with head and neck cancer: A population-based case-control study in Scotland. Br. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg., 48: 11-17.
PubMed  |  

Fobil, J.N., 2011. Spatial urban environmental change and malaria and diarrhea mortality in Accra, Ghana. Department of Public Health Medicine. Bielefeld: University of Bielefeld, 230.

Fobil, J.N., J. May and A. Kraemer, 2010. Assessing the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and urban environmental quality in Accra, Ghana. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 7: 125-145.
CrossRef  |  

Fobil, J.N., N.A. Armah, J.N. Hogarh and D. Carboo, 2008. The influence of institutions and organizations on urban waste collection systems: An analysis of waste collection system in Accra, Ghana (1985-2000). J. Environ. Manage., 86: 262-271.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Furst, T., G. Raso, C.A. Acka, A.B. Tschannen, E.K. Ngoran and J. Utzinger, 2009. Dynamics of socioeconomic risk factors for neglected tropical diseases and malaria in an armed conflict. PLoS Negl. Trop Dis., 3: e513-e513.
PubMed  |  

GSS, 1970. Ghana population and housing census. Ghana Statistical Service, Accra.

GSS, 2000. Provisional results of the national population and housing census. Ghana Statistical Service, Accra.

GSS, 2002. Population and housing census 2000: Summary of final results. Ghana Statistical Service, Accra.

GSS, 2004. Preliminary reports. Ghana demographic and health survey 2003. Ghana Statistical Service, Accra.

GSS, 2008. The final report of the Ghana demographic and health survery, 2008. Ghana Statistical Service, Accra.

Gagnon, A. and R. Mazan, 2009. Does exposure to infectious diseases in infancy affect old-age mortality? Evidence from a pre-industrial population. Soc. Sci. Med., 68: 1609-1616.

Genser, B., A. Strina, L.A. dos Santos, C.A. Teles, M.S. Prado, S. Cairncross and M.L. Barreto, 2008. Impact of a city-wide sanitation intervention in a large urban centre on social, environmental and behavioural determinants of childhood diarrhoea: Analysis of two cohort studies. Int. J. Epidemiol., 37: 831-840.

Geronimus, A.T., 2006. Invited commentary: Using area-based socioeconomic measures-think conceptually, act cautiously. Am. J. Epidemiol., 164: 835-840.
CrossRef  |  

Hanson, K., T. Marchant, R. Nathan, H. Mponda and C. Jones et al., 2009. Household ownership and use of insecticide treated nets among target groups after implementation of a national voucher programme in the United Republic of Tanzania: Plausibility study using three annual cross sectional household surveys. J. Article, Publ: BMJ Publish. Group, Ltd 339: 2434-2434.
CrossRef  |  

Hulden, L. and L. Hulden, 2009. The decline of malaria in Finland the impact of the vector and social variables. Malar J., 8: 94-94.
PubMed  |  

Kirk, D. and B. Pillet, 1998. Fertility levels, trends and differentials in sub-Saharan Africa in the 1980s and 1990s.. Stud. Fam. Plann., 29: 1-22.
PubMed  |  

Kreuels, B., R. Kobbe, S. Adjei, C. Kreuzberg and C. von Reden et al ., 2008. Spatial variation of malaria incidence in young children from a geographically homogeneous area with high endemicity. J. Infect Dis., 197: 85-93.
PubMed  |  

Krieger, N., J.T. Chen, P.D. Waterman, M.J. Soobader, S.V. Subramanian and R. Carson, 2002. Geocoding and monitoring of US socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and cancer incidence: does the choice of area-based measure and geographic level matter: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project. Am. J. Epidemiol., 156: 471-482.
PubMed  |  

Kutzin, J., 2001. A descriptive framework for country-level analysis of health care financing arrangements. Health Policy, 56: 171-204.
Direct Link  |  

McIntyre, D., B. Garshong, G. Mtei, F. Meheus and M. Thiede et al., 2008. Beyond fragmentation and towards universal coverage: Insights from Ghana, South Africa and the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organiz., 86: 871-876.
Direct Link  |  

Metcalf, P.A., R.R. Scragg, D. Schaaf, L. Dyall and P.N. Black et al., 2008. Comparison of different markers of socioeconomic status with cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors in the Diabetes. Heart Health Survey. N. Z. Med. J., 121: 45-46.

Page, A., R. Taylor, J. Richters, J. Shaw and J. Taylor et al., 2009. Upstairs and downstairs: Socio-economic and gender interactions in herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence in australia. Sex Transm Dis., 36: 344-349.

Pande, S., M.A. Keyzer, A. Arouna and B.G. Sonneveld, 2008. Addressing diarrhea prevalence in the West African Middle Belt: Social and geographic dimensions in a case study for Benin. Int. J. Health Geogr., 7: 17-17.
CrossRef  |  

Pascual, C., E. Regidor, P. Astasio, P. Ortega, P. Navarro and V. Dominguez, 2007. The association of current and sustained area-based adverse socioeconomic environment with physical inactivity. Soc. Sci. Med., 65: 454-466.
PubMed  |  

Payne, R.A. and S.R. Maxwell, 2009.. Deprivation-based risk scores: the re-emergence of postcode prescribing in the UK?. J. Cardiovasc. Med. (Hagerstown), 10: 157-160.

Pence, B.W., P. Nyarko, J.F. Phillips and C. Debpuur, 2007. The effect of community nurses and health volunteers on child mortality: The Navrongo Community Health and Family Planning Project. Scand. J. Public Health, 35: 599-608.
PubMed  |  

Raso, G., K.D. Silue, P. Vounatsou, B.H. Singer, A. Yapi, M. Tanner, J. Utzinger and E.K. Ngoran, 2009. Spatial risk profiling of plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in a high endemicity area in Cote dlvoire. Malar J., 8: 252-252.
CrossRef  |  

Regidor, E., J.L. Gutierrez-Fisac, E. Ronda, M.E. Calle, D. Martinez and V. Dominguez, 2008. Impact of cumulative area-based adverse socioeconomic environment on body mass index and overweight. J. Epidemiol. Com. Health, 62: 231-238.
CrossRef  |  

Reimers, A. and L. Laflamme, 2007. Hip fractures among the elderly: Personal and contextual social factors that matter. J. Trauma., 62: 365-369.
PubMed  |  

Robins, C.S., A. Heller and M.A. Myers, 2005. Financial vulnerability among Medicare managed care enrollees. Health Care Financ Rev., 26: 81-92.
PubMed  |  

Roemer, M.I., 1980. Economics and health policy. WHO Chron, 34: 47-52.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Schaetti, C., R. Hutubessy, S.M. Ali, A. Pach, M.G. Weiss, C.L. Chaignat and A.M. Khatib, 2009. Oral cholera vaccine use in Zanzibar: Socioeconomic and behavioural features affecting demand and acceptance. BMC Public Health, 9: 99-99.
PubMed  |  

Somi, M.F., J.R. Butler, F. Vahid, J.D. Njau, S.P. Kachur and S. Abdulla, 2008. Use of proxy measures in estimating socioeconomic inequalities in malaria prevalence. Trop. Med. Int. Health, 13: 354-364.

Southern, D.A., W.A. Ghali, P.D. Faris, C.M. Norris, P.D. Galbraith, M.M. Graham and M.L. Knudtson, 2002. Misclassification of income quintiles derived from area-based measures. A comparison of enumeration area and forward sortation area. Can. J. Public Health, 93: 465-469.
PubMed  |  

Subramanian, S.V., J.T. Chen, D.H. Rehkopf, P.D. Waterman and N. Krieger, 2006. Comparing individual- and area-based socioeconomic measures for the surveillance of health disparities: A multilevel analysis of Massachusetts births, 1989-1991. Am. J. Epidemiol., 164: 823-834.
CrossRef  |  

Tawiah, E.O., 1989. Child mortality differentials in Ghana: A preliminary report. J. Biosoc. Sci., 21: 349-355.
CrossRef  |  

Taylor, J.C., G.R. Law, P.J. Boyle, Z. Feng and M.S. Gilthorpe et al., 2008. Does population mixing measure infectious exposure in children at the community level? Eur. J. Epidemiol., 23: 593-600.
CrossRef  |  

Todaro, P.M., 1997. Urbanization, unemployment and migration in Africa: Theory and policy. Policy Research Division Working Paper.

Uchudi, J.M., 2001. Spouses socioeconomic characteristics and fertility differences in sub-Saharan Africa: does spouse's education matter?. J. Biosoc. Sci., 33: 481-502.
PubMed  |  

Vyas, S. and L. Kumaranayake, 2006. Constructing socio-economic status indices: How to use principal components analysis. Health Policy Plan., 21: 459-468.
CrossRef  |  

Yiengprugsawan, V., L.L. Lim, G.A. Carmichael, S.A. Seubsman and A.C. Sleigh, 2009. Tracking and decomposing health and disease inequality in Thailand. Ann. Epidemiol., 19: 800-807.

Zeka, A., S.J. Melly and J. Schwartz, 2008. The effects of socioeconomic status and indices of physical environment on reduced birth weight and preterm births in Eastern Massachusetts. Environ. Health, 7: 60-60.

Zheng, J., 2009. Achievements and challenges in schistosomiasis control in China. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi, 27: 398-401.

Design and power by Medwell Web Development Team. © Medwell Publishing 2024 All Rights Reserved