References

Aksoy, F., B. Metin, V. Celaettin, T. Sema and Y. Serder et al., 2001. Comparison of hemodynamic and metabolic effects of extraperitoneal carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide insufflation. Am. J. Surg., 182: 486-490.
Direct Link  |  

Al-Badrany, M.S., 2006. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and liver biopsy in dog. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.

Hoolgson, C., R.M.A. McClelland and J.R. Newton, 1970. Some effect the peritoneal insufflations of carbon dioxide at laparoscopy. Anaesthesia, 25: 382-390.
Direct Link  |  

Kahn, C.M., 2005. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 9th Edn., Merck and Co. Inc., USA., pp: 2586.

Macfadyen, B.V. and J.L. Ponsky, 1996. Operative Laparoscopy and Thorascopy. Lippincottraven Publisher, Philadelphia, pp: 13-25.

Osamu, M., F. Kumiko, M. Sanae, S. Koh, A. Makoto and M. Tadashi, 1998. High intrabdominal pressure increases plasma catecholamine concentrations during pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic procedures. Arch. Surg., 133: 39-43.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Pierre, A., V. Diemunsch, D. Klaus, S. Roland and G. Bernard, 2002. Pneumoperitoneal venting to prevent N₂O accumulation in the CO₂ pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy with inhaled anesthesia: An experimental study in pigs. Anesth. Analg., 94: 1014-1018.
Direct Link  |  

Pross, M., H., Schulz, A. Flechsig, T. Manger and W. Halang et al., 2000. Oxidative stress in lung tissue induced by CO₂ pneumop-eritoneum the rat. Surg. Endoscopy, 14: 1180-1184.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Rank, J.K., 1999. Comparison between CO₂ insufflations and abdominal wall lift in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg. Endoscopy, 13: 705-709.

Safran, D.B. and R. Orlando, 1994. Physiologic effects of pneumoperitoneum. Am. J. Surg., 167: 281-286.
Direct Link  |  

Sakorafas, G., G. Anognostopoulos, V. Stafyla, V. Koletis and T. Keletis(et al)., 2005. Elevation of serum enzymes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. N. Z. Med. J., 118: 1-6.
Direct Link  |  

Schirmer, B.D., 1995. Complications of Laparoscopy. In: Current Review of Laparoscopy, Brooks, D.C. (Ed.). Current Medicine, Philadelphia, pp: 62.

Takagi, S., 1998. Hepatic and Portal vein blood flow during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic hepatictomy Surg. Endoscopy, 12: 427-431.

Zilva, J.F., P.R. Panall and P.D. Mayne, 1994. Clinical Chemistry in Diagnosis and Treatment. 6th Edn., Oxford University Press, Inc., Arnold, New York, USA.