References

AOAC, 1999. Official methods of analysis. 15th Edition, Association of Agricultural Chemists, Washington DC., USA.

Amata, I.A. and L. Bratte, 2008. The effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with gliricidia leaf meal on the performance and organ weights of weaner rabbits in the tropics. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 3: 169-173.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Blair, G.J., 1990. The Diversity and Potential Value of Shrubs and Tree Fodders. In: Shrubs and Trees Fodders for Farm Animals, Davendra, C. (Ed.). International Development Research Centre, Canada, pp: 2-11.

Chadhokar, P.A., 1982. Gliricidia maculate: A promising legume fodder plant. Wild. Anim. Rev., 44: 36-43.

Cheeke, P.R. and Y.C. Raharjo, 1987. Evaluation of Gliricidia sepium forage and leaf meal as feedstuffs for rabbits and chickens. NFTA-CATIE, 87: 193-200.
Direct Link  |  

Cooper, S.M. and N. Owen-Smith, 1985. Condensed tannins deter feeding by browsing ruminants in a South African savanna. Oecologia, 67: 142-146.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Cooper, S.M., N. Owen-Smith and J.P. Brayant, 1988. Foliage acceptability to browsing ruminant in relation to seasonal change in the leaf chemistry of woody plants in a South African Savanna. Oecologia, 75: 336-342.
Direct Link  |  

Devasena, B., N. Krishna, J.R. Prasad and D.V. Reddy, 1994. Effect of stage of growth on chemical composition and in-sacco dry matter degradability of colonial grass. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 64: 1108-1110.

Devendra, C., 1990. The Use of Shrubs and Tree Fodder by Ruminants. In: Shrub and Tree Fodder for Farm Animals, Devendra, C. (Ed.). IDRC, Ottawa, Canada, pp: 42-60.

Foroughbakhch, R, M.A. Alvarado, J.L. Hernandez-Pinero and M.A. Guzman, 2006. Establishment, growth and biomass production of 10 tree woody species introduced for reforestation and ecological restoration in northeastern Mexico. Forest Ecology Management, 235: 194-201.
CrossRef  |  

Genin, D., 1990. Composition chimique des plantes ingerees et regime saisonnier de caprins sur un parcours aride. Fourrage, 124: 385-397.
Direct Link  |  

Goering, H.K. and P.J. van Soest, 1970. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). USDA Agricultural Handbook No. 379, Washington, DC., USA., pp: 1-20. http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/CAT87209099/PDF.

Gonzalez, S.A., 1989. Plantas Toxicas Para el Ganado. Limusa, Mexico, Pages: 269.

Hentgen, A., 1985. Los arbres fourragers en Inde. Une chance pour l` elevage des ruminants. Fourrages, 101: 112-119.

Jarrige, R., 1988. Amelioration des bovins, ovins et caprins. INRA-Paris, Pages: 471.

Jung, H.G. and M.S. Allen, 1995. Characteristics of plants cell walls affecting intake and digestibility of forages by ruminants. J. Anim. Sci., 73: 2774-2790.
Direct Link  |  

Kumar, R. and M. Singh, 1984. Tannins: Their adverse role in ruminant nutrition. J. Agric. Food Chem., 32: 447-453.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Leiner, I.E., 1990. Naturally occurring toxic factors in animal feedstuffs. In: In: Feedstuff Evaluation, Weiseman, J. and D.J.A. Cole, (Eds.). Butterworth, London, pp: 377-394.

Lowry, B.J., J.R. Petheram and B. Tangendjaja, 1992. Plants fed to village ruminants in Indonesia, ACIAR Technical Reports Canberra. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Austrlia, pp: 60.

Mangan, J.L., 1988. Nutritional effects of tannins in animal feeds. Nutr. Res. Rev., 1: 209-231.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Mangione, A.M., M.D. Dearing and W.H. Karasov, 2000. Interpopulation differences in tolerance to creosote bush resin in desert woodrats (Neotomalepida lepida). Ecology, 81: 2067-2076.
Direct Link  |  

Martin, R.M.H., J.R. Cox and F.F. Ibarra, 1995. Climatic effects on buffelgrass productivity in Sonoran Desert. J. Range Manage., 48: 60-63.
Direct Link  |  

Moore, J.E., 1970. Procedures for the Two-Stage in vitro Digestion of Forages. In: Nutrition Research Techniques for Domestic and Wild Animals, Vol. 1, Harris, L.E. (Ed.). Utah State University, Logan, pp: 5001-5003.

Moore, K.J. and R.D. Hatfield, 1994. Carbohydrates and Forage Quality. In: Forage Quality, Evaluation and Utilization, Fahey, G.C. (Ed.). American Society of Agronomy, USA., ISBN-13: 9780891181194, pp: 229-280.

Neira, R.R., R.G. Ramirez, R.A. Ledezma and C. Garibaldi, 1994. Ruminant degradation of dry mater, crude protein and cell wall of various of shrub forages. Proceedings of the National Conferences on Forage Quality, Evaluation and Utilization, April 15-23, 1994, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. -.

Nelson, C.J. and L.E. Moser, 1994. Plant Factors Affecting Forage Quality. In: Forage Quality, Evaluation and Utilization, Fahey, G.C., (Ed.). ASA, CSSA, SSSA., Madison, WI, USA., pp: 115-154.

Norton, B.W. and D.P. Poppi, 1995. Composition and Nutritional Attributes of Pasture Legumes. In: Tropical Legumes in Animal Nutrition, D'Mello, J.P.F. and C. Devendra (Eds.). CAB International, Mumbai, pp: 23-48.

Ramirez, R.G., R. Foroughbakhch, L. Hauad, J. Alba-Avila, C.G. Garcia and M. Espinoza, 2001. Seasonal Dynamics of dry matter, crude protein and cell wall digestion in total plant, leaves and stems of common buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). J. Appl. Anim. Res., 19: 209-218.

SAS, 1990. User`s Guide: Statistics. Version 6.0, Statistical Analysis System Institute, Cary, NC, USA.

Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie, 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edn., McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, USA., ISBN-13: 9780070609266, Pages: 633.

Webb, R., 1988. A preliminary Investigation into the fodder qualities of some trees in Sudan. Int. Tree Crops J., 5: 9-17.
Direct Link  |  

Wood, C.D. and V.E. Plumb, 1995. Evaluation of assays for phenolic compounds on the basis of in vitro gas production by rumen micro-organisms. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 56: 195-206.
Direct Link  |  

Zar, J.H., 2010. Biostatistical Analysis. 5th Edn., Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey, USA., Pages: 947.