References

Balarin, M.R.S., R.S. Lopes, A. Kohayagawa, C.B. Laposy and J.H. Fonteque, 2005. [Glucose and serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in English thoroughbred horses (PSI) submitted to exercises of different intensities]. Semina Cienc. Agrar., 26: 211-218, (In Portuguese).
Direct Link  |  

Cardinet, G.H., 1997. Skeletal Muscle Function. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, Kaneko, J.J., J.W. Harvey and M.L. Bruss (Eds.). Academic Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA., ISBN-13:978-0-12-396305-5, pp: 407-440.

Carlson, G.P. and R.A. Mansmann, 1974. Serum electrolyte and plasma protein alterations in horses used in endurance rides. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 165: 262-264.
Direct Link  |  

Correa, K.S., C.R.S. Mattoso, M.S. Lagos, R.K. Takahira and R.S. Lopes, 2010. [Muscle enzymes and electrolytes in horses submitted to prolonged physical exertion, supplemented with Tocopherol acetate and selenium]. Vet. Zootecnia, 17: 85-93, (In Portuguese).

Da Cas, E.L., A.C. Rosauro, C.A.M. Silva and K.E. Brass, 2000. [Serum concentration of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase enzymes in creole horses]. Cienc. Rural, 30: 625-629, (In Portuguese).

Ducan, J.R., K.W. Prasse and E.A. Mahaffey, 1994. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinica Pathology. 3rd Edn., Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa,.

Franciscato, C., S.T.D.A. Lopes, A.P.M. Veiga, D.B. Martins and M.P. Emanuelli et al., 2006. [Serum activity of AST, CK and GGT enzymes in Criollo horses]. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Bras., 41: 1561-1565, (In Portuguese).
Direct Link  |  

Frape, D., 1998. Equine Nutrition and Feeding. 2nd Edn., Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA., ISBN:9780632041053, Pages: 564.

Gurgoze, S.Y. and H. Icen, 2010. The influence of age on clinical biochemical parameters in pure-bred Arabian mares. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 30: 569-574.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Haddad, M.A., M.V. Souza, J.J. Hincapie, J.I.R. Junior and J.D.R. Filho et al., 2009. [Behavior of biochemical blood components in equine undergoing ozonotherapy]. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., 61: 539-546, (In Portuguese).

Kedzierski, W., 2011. Correlation of plasma creatine kinase activity and glucose level in exercised Purebred Arabian horses. Med. Weterynaryjna, 67: 541-544.
Direct Link  |  

Kramer, J.W., W.E. Hoffmann, 1997. Clinical Enzymology. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, Kaneko, J.J., J.W. Harvey and M.L. Bruss (Eds.). Academic Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA., ISBN-13:978-0-12-396305-5, pp: 303-325.

Kronfeld, D.S., 1998. Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status of the Horse. In: Metabolic and Endocrine Problems of the Horse, Watson, T.D.G. (Ed.). W.B. Saunders Company, New York, USA., pp: 185-217.

McGowan, C., 2008. Clinical pathology in the racing horse: The role of clinical pathology in assessing fitness and performance in the racehorse. Vet. Clin. North Am.: Equine Pract., 24: 405-421.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

McGowan, C.M., L.C. Golland, D.L. Evans, D.R. Hodgson and R.J. Rose, 2002. Effects of prolonged training, overtraining and detraining on skeletal muscle metabolites and enzymes. Equine Vet. J., 34: 257-263.
Direct Link  |  

Meyer, D.J., E.H. Coles, L.J. Rich, 1995. [Veterinary Medicine: Interpretation and Diagnosis]. Roca Publisher, Sao Paulo, Brazil, (In Portuguese).

Miserani, M.G., C.M.M. Pimentel, S.A. Santos, J.A.D. Silva and A.D.S. Mariante et al., 2002. [Evaluation of the factors that influence the linear measurements of the Pantaneiro horse]. Rev. Bras. Zootecnia, 31: 331-341, (In Portuguese).
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Mundim, A.V., A.A. Teixeira, J.A. Galo and F.D.S.R. Carvalho, 2004. [Biochemical profile and blood osmolality of equines used for work in urban centers]. Biosci. J., 20: 135-142, (In Portuguese).
Direct Link  |  

Munoz, A., C. Riber, P. Trigo and F. Castejon, 2010. Hematology and clinical pathology data in chronically starved horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 30: 581-589.
Direct Link  |  

Piccione, G., C. Giannetto, F. Fazio, S. Casella and G. Caola, 2009. A comparison of daily rhythm of creatinine and creatine kinase in the sedentary and athlete horse. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 29: 575-580.
Direct Link  |  

Pritchard, J.C., C.C. Burn, A.R. Barr and H.R. Whay, 2009. Haematological and serum biochemical reference values for apparently healthy working horses in Pakistan. Res. Vet. Sci., 87: 389-395.
PubMed  |  

Ribeiro, C.R., E.M.A. Nunes, J.A.R. Silva and A. Germinaro, 2004. [Evaluation of serological constituents in horses and mules submitted to the 76 km resistance test in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil]. Cienc. Rural, 34: 1081-1086, (In Portuguese).
Direct Link  |  

Rose, R.J., D.R. Hodgson, D. Sampson and W. Chan, 1983. Changes in plasma biochemistry in horses competing in 160 km endurance ride. Aust. Vet. J., 60: 101-105.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Santos, S.A., R.A.M.S. Silva, J.R.M. Azevedo, M.A.R. Mello and A.C. Soares et al., 2001. Serum electrolyte and total protein alterations in Pantaneiro horse during long distance exercise. Arquivo Brasileiro Med. Veterinaria Zootecnia, 53: 351-357.
Direct Link  |  

Silva, L.D., S.A. Santos, R.A.S. Silva, C. Mcmanus and H. Petzold, 2005. [Adaptation of the pantaneiro horse to the stress of cattle daily livestock in Pantanal, Brazil]. Archivos Zootecnia, 54: 509-513, (In Portuguese).

Silva, R.A.M.S. and G.G. Botelho, 2013. [Influence of physical exercise on biochemical parameters of Pantanal and mestizo horses]. Rev. Cienc. Vida, 17: 85-90, (In Portuguese).

Stockham, S.L., 1995. Interpretation of equine serum biochemical profile results. Vet. Clin. Equine Pract., 11: 391-414.
Direct Link  |  

Tennant, B.C., 1997. Hepatic Function. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, Kaneko, J.J., J.W. Harvey and M.L. Bruss (Eds.). Academic Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA., ISBN-13:978-0-12-396305-5, pp: 327-352.

Thrall, M.A., D.C. Baker, T.W. Campbell, D. Denicola and M.J. Fettman et al., 2007. [Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism]. In: Hematology and Clinical Veterinary Biochemistry, Thrall, M.A., D.C. Baker and R. Allison (Eds.). Roca Publisher, Sao Paulo, Brazil, pp: 311-334, (In Portuguese).

Toledo, P.S., M.D. Junior, W.R. Fernandes and M. Magone, 2001. [Serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and glycemia of PSI horses submitted to exercises of different intensities]. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Veterinaria, 8: 73-77, (In Portuguese).
Direct Link  |  

Toribio, R.E., 2007. Essentials of equine renal and urinary tract physiology. Vet. Clin. Equine Pract., 23: 533-561.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Wilson, M.E., 2007. Examination of the urinary tract in the horse. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract., 23: 563-575.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |