Journal of Modern Mathematics and Statistics

Year: 2011
Volume: 5
Issue: 2
Page No. 54 - 59

Impact of Vaccines on Controlling Typhoid Fever in Kassena-Nankana District of Upper East Region of Ghana: Insights from a Mathematical Model

Authors : S.Mushayabasa

References

Acosta, C.J., C.M. Galindo, J.L. Deen, R.L. Ochiai and H.J. Lee et al., 2004. Vaccines against cholera, typhoid fever, and shigellosis for developing countries. Expert Opin. Biol. Therapy, 12: 1939-1951.
CrossRef  |  

Adetunde, I.A., 2008. Mathematical models for the dynamics of typhoid fever in kassena-nankana district of upper east region of Ghana. J. Modern Math. Stat., 2: 45-49.
Direct Link  |  

Anderson, R.M., 1991. Infectious Diseases of Humans, Dynamics and Control. Oxford University Press, USA..

Arriola, L. and J. Hyman, 2005. Lecture notes, forward and adjoint sensitivity analysis: With applications in dy-namical systems. Linear Algebra and Optimisation Mathematical and Theoretical Biology Institute, Summer, 2005.

Bailey, N., 1975. The Mathematical Theory of Infectious Diseases. Charles Griffin, London.

Brauer, F. and C. Castillo-Chavez, 2000. Mathematical Models in Population Biology and Epidemiology. Springer, USA.

Castillo-Chavez, C., Z. Feng and W. Huang, 2002. On the Computation of R0 and its Role on Global Stabil-ity. In: Mathematical Approaches for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: An Introduction. Castillo-Chavez, C., Z. Feng and W. Huang (Eds.). Springer, New York, pp: 229-250.

Fica, A.E., S. Prat-Miranda, A. Fernandez-Ricci, K. D'Ottone and F.C. Cabello, 1996. Epidemic typhoid in Chile: Analysis by molecular and conventional methods of Salmonella typhi strain diversity in epidemic (1977 and 1981) and nonepidemic (1990) years. J. Clin. Microbiol., 34: 1701-1707.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Kariuki, S., C. Gilks, G. Revathi and C.A. Hart, 2000. Genotypic analysis of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, Kenya. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 6: 649-651.
PubMed  |  

Kariuki, S., G. Revathi, J. Muyodi, J. Mwituria, A. Munyalo, S. Mirza and C.A. Hart, 2004. Characterization of multidrug-resistant typhoid outbreaks in Kenya. J. Clin. Microbiol., 42: 1477-1482.
PubMed  |  

Lauria, D.T., B. Maskery, C. Poulos and D. Whittington, 2009. An optimization model for reducing typhoid cases in developing countries without increasing public spending. Vaccine, 27: 1609-1621.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Ling, J.M., N.W. Lo, Y.M. Ho, K.M. Kam, N.T. Hoa, L.T. Phi and A.F. Cheng, 2000. Molecular methods for the epidemiological typing of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi from Hong Kong and Vietnam. J. Clin. Microbiol., 38: 292-300.
PubMed  |  

Mills-Robertson, F., M.E. Addy, P. Mensah and S.S. Crupper, 2002. Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance in clinical Salmonella typhi isolated in Ghana. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 215: 249-253.
CrossRef  |  

Mirza, S., S. Kariuki, K.Z. Mamun, N.J. Beeching and C.A. Hart, 2000. Analysis of plasmid and chromosomal DNA of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi from Asia. J. Clin. Microbiol., 38: 1449-1452.

Mirza, S.H., N.J. Beeching and C.A. Hart, 1996. Multidrug resistant typhoid: A global problem. J. Med. Microbiol., 44: 317-319.
PubMed  |  

Olarte, J. and E. Galindo, 1973. Salmonella typhi resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and other antimicrobial agents: Strains isolated during an extensive typhoid fever epidemic in Mexico. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, 4: 597-601.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Rahman, M., A. Ahmad and S. Shoma, 2002. Decline in epidemic of multidrug resistant Salmonella typhi is not associated with increased incidence of antibiotic-susceptible strain in Bangladesh. Epidemiol. Infect., 129: 29-34.
PubMed  |  

Senthilkumar, B. and G. Prabakaran, 2005. Multidrug resistant Salmonella typhi in asymptomatic typhoid carriers among food handlers in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu. Indian J. Med. Microbiol., 23: 92-94.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Shanahan, P.M., K.A. Karamat, C.J. Thomson and S.G. Amyes, 1998. Molecular analysis of and identification of antibiotic resistance genes in clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi from India. J. Clin. Microbiol., 36: 1595-1600.
PubMed  |  

Singh, B., 2001. Typhoid fever epidemiology. Journal Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine Vol. 2, No. 1 and 2 January-June 2001. http://medind.nic.in/jac/t01/i1/jact01i1c.shtml

Van Den Driessche, P. and J. Watmough, 2002. Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission. Math. Biosci., 180: 29-48.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Design and power by Medwell Web Development Team. © Medwell Publishing 2024 All Rights Reserved