Abstract: Efficient use of resources has been identified as one of the major bane of catfish production in Nigeria. Thus, this study examined the resource use efficiency among rain-fed and non-rain-fed catfish production in South West (Oyo) and North Central (Kwara) in Nigeria. Well-structured questionnaire was used to obtained information from 289 farmers, 149 in Southwest (Oyo state) and 140 from North central (Kwara state) catfish farmers through a multi-stage random sampling. Descriptive Statistics and Stochastic Frontier Analysis were employed to analyse the data obtained. Findings shows that majority 69.20% of the farmers were males while 30.8% were females, 75.92% of the farmers practiced rain-fed catfish farming while 24.08% practiced non-rain-fed fish farming. Majority of the farmers have education 88.68% while only 11.42% have no education. Majority of the farmers 59.86% have <5 household members while 32.18% has between 6-10 household members with only 7.96% having members >11 while 32.53% of the sampled farmers fall between 20-40 years while 52.94% fall between 41-60 years of age while 14.53% are above 61 years old. The result of the Stochastic Frontier Analysis indicated that number of fish stocked (Juvenile and fingerlings), pond sizes, labour, feeds and water used are the major determinant of technical efficiency among catfish farmers in Southwest (Oyo-state) and Northwest (Kwara state) Nigeria. The technical inefficiency of the catfish farmers were determined by age, education level, sex, farming experience, access to cooperative associations and household sizes. It is therefore, recommended that the catfish farmers should be support to improve their management practices and enhance their resource use skills by subsidizing fish inputs. Also, human capacity development in aquaculture production through extensive training sessions should be prioritized to enhance their resource use knowledge.