Abstract: This study examines the impact of HIV/AIDS epidemic on human capital in relation to economic developments of African societies. It focuses on the incidence of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa and argues that the epidemic has posed a serious problem to human capital in the African economies through tragic and untimely loss of productive citizens. The study draws data from the top 15 HIV/AIDS prevalence African countries and notes that by the year 2005, Swaziland, with 33.4% of population infected with HIV/AIDS, toped the list while Kenya, with 6.1% of population infected with the epidemic, had the lowest percentage.This study establishes that epidemic does not only reduce the number of workforce and adversely affect total productivity in key economic sectors in Africa, but also lead to higher government expenditure on HIV/AIDS related health concerns and shift household consumption patterns. The study therefore, justifies the need for undertaking preventive measure, reducing poverty and other health factors that increase workers’ vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection and providing anti-retrovirals to African citizens.