Abstract: In order to determine the effects of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the yield and oil content of new safflower genotypes a study carried out in 2 different dryland research stations of Iran (Maragheh and Sararoud) for 2 years (2004-2005). The experiment was arranged with 4 nitrogen fertilizer levels 0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha^-1 and 3 phosphorus fertilizer levels 0, 30, 60 kg ha^-1 with tow safflower genotypes (V1 = No36 and V2 = 79-299) in Maragheh and (V1 = 537598 and V2 = S-541) in Sararoud as factorial RCBD with 3 replications. Nitrogen fertilizer was supplied as urea (45% N) and phosphorus fertilizer as triple super phosphate (46% P₂O₅). In each year, the crop harvested after maturity and mean yield analyzed statistically. In Maragheh, the results indicated that increasing nitrogen fertilizer increased the grain and biomass yield but phosphorus fertilizer did not affect the yield. In the interaction effect of variety with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, application of V2N90P60 had the highest seed yield (961 kg ha^-1) and treatment V2N90P0 had the highest biomass yield (4173 kg ha^-1). In Sararoud, increasing nitrogen fertilizer did not increase seed yield but it increased plant height. In nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers interaction, application of N60P30 had the highest seed yield (1283 kg ha^-1). Regarding the amount of precipitation and yield in different years, application of 90 kg ha^-1 nitrogen fertilizer together with 30 kg ha^-1 phosphorus (N90P30) is recommended in Maragheh regions and application of 60 kg ha^-1 nitrogen fertilizer together with 30 kg ha^-1 phosphorus (N60P30) is recommended in Sararoud drylands for safflower production. It can be concluded that safflower grain yield differed at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in Maragheh regions. However, phosphorus fertilizer did not increase safflower grain yield in Maragheh and Sararoud.