Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances

Year: 2011
Volume: 10
Issue: 14
Page No. 1760 - 1773

Some Allergens in Dogs and Their Evaluation via Hematologic, Immunologic and Intradermal Skin Test Methods

Authors : Burcak Ozkan and Abdulkadir Uysal

References

Barbet, J.L. and R.E. Halliwell, 1989. Duration of ınhibition of ımmediate skin test reactivity by hydroxyzine hydrochloride in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 194: 1565-1569.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Bellanti, J.A., 1978. Immunology II. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.

Bensignor, E. and D.N. Carlotti, 2002. Sensitivity patterns to house dust mites and forage mites in atopic dogs: 150 cases. Vet. Dermatol., 13: 39-44.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Biourge, V.C., J. Fontaine and M.W. Vroom, 2004. Diagnosis of adverse reactions to food in dog: Efficacy of a soy-ısolate hydrolyzate-based diet. J. Nutr., 134: 2062S-2064S.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Bloom, P., 2006. Atopic dermatitis in dog: Hitting the moving target. Vet. J., 171: 16-17.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Blount, D.G., D.I. Pritchard and P.R. Heaton, 2005. Age-related alterations to ımmune parameters in labrador retriever dogs. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 108: 399-407.
CrossRef  |  

Bollinger, M.E., P.A. Eggleston, E. Flanagan and R.A. Wood, 1996. Cat antigen in homes with and without cats may ınduce allergic symptoms. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 97: 907-914.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Bond, R., C.F. Curtis, A. Hendricks, E.A. Ferguson and D.H. Lloyd, 2002. Intradermal test reactivity to Malassezia pachydermatitis in atopic dogs. Vet. Rec., 150: 448-449.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Bond, R., D.H. Lloyd and J.M. Craig, 1993. The effects of essential fatty acid supplementation on ıntradermal test reactivity in atopic dogs: A preliminary study. Vet. Dermatol., 4: 191-197.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Burks, A.W., J.M. James, A. Hiegel, G. Wilson, J.G. Wheeler, S.M. Jones and N. Zuerlein, 1998. Atopic dermatitis and food hypersensitivity. J. Pediatr., 132: 132-136.
PubMed  |  Google  |  

Carlotti, D.N. and F. Costargent, 1994. Analysis of positiv skin tests in 449 dogs with allergic dermatitis. Eur. J. Comp. Anim. Pract., 4: 42-59.

Carlotti, D.N., 2003. Dermatite atopique canine: Current data and comparative aspects. Bull. Acad. Vet. France, 156: 25-34.
Direct Link  |  

Chesney, C.J., 2001. Systematic review of evidence for the prevalence of food sensitivity in dogs. Vet. Rec., 148: 445-448.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Chesney, C.J., 2002. Food sensitivty in the dog: A quantitative study. J. Small Anim. Pract., 43: 203-207.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Codner, E.C. and M.K. Tinker, 1995. Reactivity to ıntradermal ınjections of extracts of house dust and house dust mite in healthy dogs and dogs suspected of being atopic. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 206: 812-816.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Codner, E.C. and P. Lessard, 1993. Comparison of ıntradermal allergy test and enzyme-linked ımmunosorbent assay in dogs with allergic skin disease. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 202: 739-743.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Collie, D.S., D.J. DeBoer, B.A. Muggenburg and D.E. Bice, 1997. Evaluation of association of blood and bronchoalveolar eosinophil numbers and serum total immunoglobulin E concentration with the expression of nonspecific airway reactivity in dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 58: 34-39.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Day, M.J., 1999. Clinical Immunology of the Dog and Cat. 1st Edn., Iowa State University Press/Manson Publishing, USA., ISBN-13: 978-0813823409, Pages: 288.

Day, M.J., A. Corato and S.E. Shaw, 1996. Subclass profile of allergen-specific IgG antibodies in atopic dogs. Res. Vet. Sci., 61: 136-142.
CrossRef  |  

DeBoer, D.J. and A. Hillier, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (XV): Fundamental concepts in clinical diagnosis. Vet. Immunol. Immunop., 81: 271-276.
CrossRef  |  

DeBoer, D.J. and A. Hillier, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (XVI): Laboratory evaluation of dogs with atopic dermatitis with serum-based allergy tests. Vet. Immunol. Immuop., 81: 277-287.
PubMed  |  

DeBoer, D.J. and R. Marsella, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (XII): The relationship of cutaneous ınfections to the pathogenesis and clinical course of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet. Immunol. Immunop., 81: 239-249.

DeBoer, D.J., 2004. Canine atopic dermatitis: New targets, new therapies. J. Nutr., 134: 2056S-2061S.
Direct Link  |  

DeWeck, A.L., B. Schiesel, B. Mayer, M. Zunic, G. Mudde and E. Liehl, 1998. Genetic and environmental aspects of IgE regulation in dogs. Proceedings of the European Society of Veterinary Dermatology Conference, September 2-5, 1998, Maastrciht, The Netherlands, pp: 154-155.

Egli, K.S., B. Schiessl, P.J. Roosje, W. Seewald, U. Forster, J.E. Peel and M.M. Welle, 2002. Evaluation of the usefulness of sensitization to aeroallergens as a model for canine atopic dermatitis in genetically predisposed Beagles. Am. J. Vet. Res., 63: 1329-1336.
PubMed  |  

Ettinger, S.J. and E.C. Feldman, 2000. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine: Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 5th Edn., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, ISBN-13: 978-0721672564, pp: 1613-1619.

Foster, A.P., J.D. Littlewood, P. Webb, J.L.N. Wood, K. Rogers and S. Shaw, 2003. Comparison of ıntradermal and serum testing for allergen specific IgE using a FcєRIα-based assay in atopic dogs in the UK. Vet. Immunol. Immunop., 93: 51-60.

Foster, A.P., T.G. Knowles, A.H. Moore, P.D.G. Cousins, M.J. Day and E.J. Hall, 2003. Serum IgE and IgG responses to food antigens in normal and atopic dogs and dogs with gastrointestinal disease. Vet. Immunol. Immunop., 92: 113-124.
CrossRef  |  

Frank, L.A. and G.A. Kunkle, 1992. Comparison of serum cortisol concentration before and after ıntradermal testing in sedated and non sedated dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 200: 507-510.

Fraser, M.A., P.E. McNeil and G. Gettinby, 2003. Studies of serum total immunoglobulin E concentrations in atopic and non-atopic dogs. Vet. Rec., 152: 159-163.
CrossRef  |  

Fujimura, M., K. Ohmori, K. Masuda, H. Tsujimoto and M. Sakaguchi, 2002. Oral allergy syndrome ınduced by tomato in a dog with japanese cedar (Cryptomeira japonica) pollinosis. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 64: 1069-1070.

Glickman, L.T., F.S. Shofer, A.J. Payton, L.L. Laster and P.J. Felsburg, 1998. Survey of serum IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations in a large beagle population in which IgA deficiency had been identified. Am. J. Vet. Res., 49: 1240-1245.
PubMed  |  

Grıot-Wenk, M.E., A. Busato, M. Welle, B.P. Racıne, R. Weılenmann, P. Tschud and A. Tipold, 1999. Total serum IgE and IgA antibody levels in healthy dogs of different breeds and exposed to different environments. Res. Vet. Sci., 67: 239-243.
CrossRef  |  

Griffin, C.E. and D.J. DeBoer, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (XIV): Clinical manifestations of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet. Immunol. Immunop., 81: 255-269.

Griffin, C.E., K.W. Kwochka and J.M. MacDonald, 1993. Current Veterinary Dermatology: The Science and Art of Therapy. Mosby Year Book, Missouri, ISBN-13: 9780801633843, pp: 378.

Halliwell, R.E. and R.M. Schwartzman, 1971. Atopic diseases in the dog. Vet. Rec., 89: 209-214.

Halliwell, R.E.W. and D.J. DeBoer, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (III): The role of antibodies in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet. Immunol. Immunop., 81: 159-167.
CrossRef  |  

Halliwell, R.E.W., 1992. Management of dietary hypersensitivity in the dog. J. Small Anim. Practice, 33: 156-160.
CrossRef  |  

Halliwell, R.E.W., C.M. Gordon, C. Horvath, R. Wagner, 2006. IgE and IgG antibodies to food antigens in sera from normal dogs, dogs with atopic dermatitis and dogs with adverse food reactions. http://www.laboklin.de/pdf/en/publications/food_antigens_dogs.pdf.

Hammerberg, B., D. Bevier, D.J. DeBoer, T. Olivry, S.M. Orton, D. Gebhard and S.L. Vaden, 1997. Auto IgG antı IgE and IgGxIgE ımmune complex presence and effects on ELISA-based quantitatin of IgE in canine atopic dermatitis, demodectic acariasis and helminthiasis. Vet. Immunol. Immunop., 60: 33-46.

Harvey, R.G. and P.J. McKeever, 2003. Colour Handbook of Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 2nd Edn., Manson Publishing, London, UK., pp: 288.

Harvey, R.G., 1993. Food allergy and dietary intolerance in dogs: A report of 25 cases. J. Small Anim. Practice, 34: 175-179.
CrossRef  |  

Herz, U., H. Renz and U. Wiedermann, 2004. Animal models of type I allergy using recombinant allergens. Methods, 32: 271-280.
CrossRef  |  

Hill, P.B. and D.J. DeBoer, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (IV): Environmental allergens. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 81: 169-186.
CrossRef  |  

Hill, P.B. and T. Olivry, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (V): biology and role of inflammatory cells in cutaneous allergic reactions. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 81: 187-198.
CrossRef  |  

Hill, P.B., A. Hillier and T. Olivry, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (VI): IgE induced ımmediate and late-phase reactions, two ınflammatory sequences at sites of ıntradermal allergen ınjections. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 81: 199-204.
CrossRef  |  

Hill, P.B., K.A. Moriello and D.J. DeBoer, 1995. Concentrations of total serum IgE, IgA and IgG in atopic and parasitized dogs. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 44: 105-113.
CrossRef  |  

Hillier A., 2002. Allergy testing and treatment for canine atopic dermatitis. Veterinary Medicine Symposıum, http://www.rottweilerhealth.org/pdfs/march_allergy_hiller_02.pdf.

Hillier A., 2002. Definitively diagnosing atopic dermatitis in dogs. Veterinary Medicine Symposıum, http://www.rottweilerhealth.org/pdfs/march_derm_hiller_02.pdf.

Hillier, A. and C.E. Griffin, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (I): Incidence and prevalence. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 81: 147-151.
CrossRef  |  

Hillier, A. and C.E. Griffin, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (X): Is there a relationship between canine atopic dermatitis and cutaneous adverse food reactions?. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 81: 227-231.
CrossRef  |  

Hillier, A. and D.J. DeBoer, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (XVII): Intradermal testing. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 81: 289-304.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Hou, C.C., A. Pemberton, T. Nuttall and P.B. Hill, 2005. IgG responses to antigens from Dermatophagoides farinae in healthy and atopic dogs. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 106: 121-128.
CrossRef  |  

Hou, C.C., M.J. Day, T.J. Nuttall and P.B. Hill, 2006. Evaluation of IgG subclass responses against Dermatophagoides farinae allergens in healthy and atopic dogs. Eur. Soc. Vet. Dermatol., 17: 103-110.
CrossRef  |  

Ishida, R., K. Masuda, M. Sakaguchi, K. Kurata, K. Ohno and H. Tsujimoto, 2003. Antigen-specific histamine release in dogs with food hypersensitivity. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 65: 435-438.
PubMed  |  

Jackson, H.A., M.W. Jackson, L. Coblentz and B. Hammerberg, 2003. Positive predicitve value of IgE levels in dogs with food hypersensitivity. Vet. Dermatol., 14: 181-187.

Jackson, H.A., S.M. Orton and B. Hammerberg, 2002. IgE is present on peripheral blood monocytes and β cells in normal dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis but there is no correlation with serum Ige concentrations. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 85: 225-232.

Jeffers, J.G., K.J. Shanley and E.K. Meyer, 2001. Diagnosting testing of dogs for food hyperensitivity. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 198: 245-250.

Kirkpinar, A., 1999. Clinical and haematological evaluation of atopy in dogs and ıntradermal skin test practice. Doktorate Thesis, Uludag University, Institute of Health Sciences, Veterinary Internal Medicine Department.

Kunkle, G. and S. Horner, 1992. Validity of skin testing for diagnosis of food allergy in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 200: 677-680.
PubMed  |  

Kunkle, G., 1987. Atopy in pet animals. Skin Diseases in the Dog and Cat. Waltham Symposium No: 9 Proceedings of a Symposium Held at Lanwades Hall, Newmarket, UK.

Kurata, K., S. Maeda, S. Yasunaga, K. Masuda, M. Sakaguchi, K. Ohno and H. Tsujimoto, 2004. Immunological findings in 3 dogs clinically diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 66: 25-29.
PubMed  |  

Leib, M.S. and W.E. Monroe, 1997. Practical Small Animal Internal Medicine. 1st Edn., W.B.Saunders, Philadelphia, ISBN-13: 978-0721648392, pp: 1247.

Lian, T.M. and R.E.W. Halliwell, 1998. Allergen-specific IgE and IgGd antibodies in atopic and normal dogs. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 66: 203-223.
CrossRef  |  

Loeffler, A., 2006. Pruritic dogs and cats, developments and discussions. European Speaker Tour. Istanbul.

Maeda, S., S. Fujiwara, K. Omori, K. Kawano and K. Kurata et al., 2002. Lesional expression of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 88: 79-87.
CrossRef  |  

Mamikoglu, B., 2005. Beef, pork and milk allergy (cross reactivity with each other and pet allergies). Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 133: 534-537.
PubMed  |  

Mamoon, H.A., R.L. Henry, J.E. Stuart and P.G. Gibson, 2002. House dust mite allergen levels in carpeted sleeping accommodation are higher in private houses than public places. J. Paediatrics Child Health, 38: 568-570.
CrossRef  |  

Marsella, R. and T. Olivry, 2003. Animal models of atopic dermatitis. Clin. Dermatol., 21: 122-133.

Martin, A., M.P. Sierra, J.L. Gonzalez and M.A. Arevalo, 2004. Identification of allergens responsible for canine cutaneous adverse food reactions to lamb, beef and cow`s milk. Vet. Dermatol., 15: 349-356.
PubMed  |  

Masuda, K., H. Tsujimoto, S. Fujiwara, K. Kurata and A. Hasegawa et al., 1999. IgE sensitivity and cross-reactivity to crude and purified mite allergens (Der f 1, Der f 2, Der p 1, Der p 2) in atopic dogs sensitive to Dermatophagoides mite allergens. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 72: 303-313.
CrossRef  |  

Masuda, K., M. Sakaguchi, S. Fujiwara, K. Kurata and K. Yamashita et al., 2000. Positive reactions to common allergens in 42 atopic dogs in Japan. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 73: 193-204.
CrossRef  |  

McCall, C., S. Hunter, K. Stedman, E. Weber and A. Hillier et al., 2001. Characterization and cloning of a major high molecular weight house dust mite allergen (Der f 15) for dogs. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 78: 231-247.
CrossRef  |  

Moriello, K.A. and S.W. Eicker, 1991. Influence of sedative and anesthetic agents on intradermal skin test reactions in dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 52: 1484-1488.
PubMed  |  

Mueller, R.S. and S.V. Bettenay, 2001. Evaluation of the safety of an abbreviated course of injections of allergen extracts (rush immunotherapy) for the treatment of dogs with atopic dermatitis. Am. J. Vet. Res., 62: 307-310.
PubMed  |  

Mueller, R.S., A. Burrows and J. Tsohalıs, 1999. Comparison of intradermal testing and serum testing for allergen-specific IgE using monoclonal IgE antibodies in 84 atopic dogs. Aust. Vet. J., 77: 290-294.
CrossRef  |  

Mueller, R.S., P.L. Chapman, R.E. Rosychuk, S.V. Bettenay and K.V. Fieseler, 2002. Evaluation of cross-reactivity of allergens by use of intradermal testing in atopic dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 63: 874-879.
PubMed  |  

Mueller, R.S., S.V. Bettenay and L. Tideman, 2000. Aero-allergens in canine atopic dermatitis in southeastern Australia based on 1000 intradermal skin tests. Aust. Vet. J., 78: 392-399.
CrossRef  |  

Muller, G.H., R.W. Kirk and D.W. Scott, 1983. Small Animal Dermatology. 3rd Edn., W.B.Saunders Company, Philadelphia, ISBN-13: 9780721666099, pp: 889.

Nelson, H.S., 1991. Effect of preservatives and conditions of storage on the potency of allergy extracts. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 67: 64-69.
PubMed  |  

Nuttall, T.J., J.R. Lamb and P.B. Hill, 2001. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to Dermatophagoides farinae in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 82: 273-280.
PubMed  |  

Olivry, T. and C.A. Sousa, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (XIX): General principles of therapy. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 81: 311-316.

Olivry, T., D.J. DeBoer, C.E. Griffin, R.E. Halliwell and P.B. Hill, 2001. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis: forewords and lexicon. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 81: 143-146.
PubMed  |  

Olivry, T., P.F. Moore, V.K. Affolter and D.K. Naydan, 1996. Langerhans cell hyperplasia and IgE expression in canine atopic dermatitis. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 288: 579-585.
CrossRef  |  

Olson, M.E., J.A. Hardın, A.G. Buret, D.G. Gall and M.G. Hayek, 2000. Hypersensitivity Reactions to Dietary Antigens in Atopic Dogs. In: Recent Advances in Canine and Feline Nutrition, Reinhart, G.A. and D.P. Carey (Eds.). Orange Frazer Press, Wilmington, pp: 69-77.

Park, S., F. Ohya, K. Yamashita, K. Nishifuji and T. Iwasaki, 2000. Comparison of response to immunotherapy by intradermal skin test and antigen-specific IgE in canine atopy. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 62: 983-988.
PubMed  |  

Paterson, S., 1995. Food hypersensitivity in 20 dogs with skin and gastrointestinal signs. J. Small Anim. Practice, 36: 529-534.
CrossRef  |  

Pauli, G., C. Metz-Favre and J.F. Fontaine, 2006. Food allergens that cross-react with pollen allergens. Revue Francaise D`allergologie D`immunologie Clinique, 46: 153-157.
CrossRef  |  

Provost, J.P., K. Nahas and B. Geffray, 2003. Normal values for blood immunoglobulins in the beagle dog. Comp. Clin. Pathol., 12: 17-20.
CrossRef  |  

Racine, B.P., E. Marti, A. Busato, R. Weilenmann, S. Lazary and M.E. Griot-Wenk, 1999. Influence of sex and age on serum total immunoglobulin E concentration in Beagles. Am. J. Vet. Res., 60: 93-97.
PubMed  |  

Randall, A., A. Hillier, L.K. Cole, K.W. Kwochka, G. Needham and D.L. Wassom, 2003. Quantitation of house dust mites and house dust mite allergens in the microenvironment of dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 64: 1301-1309.
PubMed  |  

Randall, A.J., A. Hillier, L.K. Cole, K.W. Kwochka, G. Needham and D.L. Wassom, 2005. Quantitation of house dust mite allergens (Der f 1 and group 2) on the skin and hair of dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 66: 143-149.
PubMed  |  

Reedy, L.M. and W.H. Miller, 1989. Allergic Skin Diseases of Dogs and Cats. W.B.Saunders, Philadelphia, ISBN-13: 9780721624327, pp: 222.

Rees, C.A., 2001. Canine and feline atopic dermatitis: A review of the diagnostic options. Topics Companion Anim. Med., 16: 230-232.
CrossRef  |  

Rosser, E.J., 1993. Diagnosis of food allergy in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 203: 259-262.

Saridomichelakis, M.N., A.F. Koutinas, D. Gioulekas and L. Leontidis, 1999. Canine atopic dermatitis in Greece: clinical observations and the prevalence of positive intradermal test reactions in 91 spontaneous cases. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 69: 61-73.
CrossRef  |  

Schafer-Somi, S., S. Bar-Schadler and J.E. Aurich, 2005. Immunoglobulins in nasal secretions of dog puppies from birth to six weeks of age. Res. Vet. Sci., 78: 143-150.
CrossRef  |  

Schreiber, M., D. Kantimm, D. Kirchhoff, G. Heimann and A.S. Bhargava, 1992. Concentrations in serum of IgG, IgM and IgA and their age-dependence in beagle dogs as determined by a newly developed enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assay (ELISA). Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., 30: 775-778.
PubMed  |  

Sicherer, S.H. and A.S. Hugh, 2006. Food allergy. Allerg Clin. Immunol., 117: 471-475.

Sicherer, S.H. and H.A. Sampson, 1999. Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: Pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and management. J. Allerg Clin. Immunol., 104: S114-S122.
PubMed  |  

Simpson, A., A. Woodcock and A. Custovic, 2001. Housing characteristics and mite allergen levels: to humidity and beyond. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 31: 803-805.
CrossRef  |  

Sture, G.H., R.E.W. Halliwell, K.L. Thoday, A.H.M. van den Broek and J.I. Henfrey et al., 1995. Canine atopic disease: The prevalence of positive intradermal skin tests at two sites in the North and South of Great Britain. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 44: 293-308.
CrossRef  |  

Teuber, S.S., G, del Val, S. Morigasaki, H.R. Jung, P.H. Eisele, O.L. Frick and B.B. Buchanan, 2002. The atopic dog as a model of peanut and tree nut food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 110: 921-927.
CrossRef  |  

Ucan U.S., V. Altunok and M. Maden, 2003. Total serum IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE immunoglobulin concentrations in purebred Anatolian Shepherd dogs. Rev. Med. Vet., 154: 307-310.
Direct Link  |  

WALTHAM, 1999. Dietary sensitivity in the dog. WALTHAM Report, http://www.bearscampnewfs.com/health/Waltham%20Center/Dietary%20Sensitivity%20in%20the%20Dog.pdf.

Warner, J.A., 2000. Controlling indoor allergens. Pediatric Allergy Immunol., 11: 208-219.
CrossRef  |  

Watson, T.D.G., 1998. Diet and skin diseases in dogs and cats. J. Nutr., 128: 2783-2789.

White, S.D. and J.L. Ohman Jr., 1998. Response to intradermal skin testing with four cat allergen preparations in healthy and allergic dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 49: 1873-1875.
PubMed  |  

Wilkie, J.S., J.A. Yager, P. Eyre and W.M. Parker, 1990. Morphometric analyses of the skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis and correlations with cutaneous and plasma histamine and total serum IgE. Vet. Pathol., 27: 179-186.
PubMed  |  

Willemse, T., 2000. Allergic skin diseases in dogs. WSAVA/FECAVA World Congress.

Willemse, T., 2006. Atopic dermatitis in dogs new ınsights on ımmunopathology diagnosis and therapy. Proceedings of the 3rd National Small Animal Veterinary Medicine Congress, Bursa, Turkey.

Wills, J. and R. Harvey, 1994. Diagnosis and management of food allergy and intolerance in dogs and cats. Aust. Vet. J., 71: 322-326.
PubMed  |  

Yamashita, K., C. Fujiwara, R. Azuma, T. Sawazaki, Y. Nakao and A. Hasegawa, 2002. Determination of antigenic proteins of housedust mites in 90 dogs suffering from atopic dermatitis. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 64: 673-676.
PubMed  |  

Youn, H.Y., H.S. Kang, D.H. Bhang, M.K. Kim, C.Y. Hwang and H.R. Han, 2002. Allergens causing atopic diseases in canine. J. Vet. Sci., 3: 335-341.
PubMed  |  

Zur, G., P.J. Ihrke, S.D. White and P.H. Kass, 2002. Canine atopic dermatitis: A retrospective study of 266 cases examined at the University of California, Davis, 1992-1998. Part I. Clinical features and allergy testing results. Vet. Dermatol., 13: 89-102.
CrossRef  |  

Design and power by Medwell Web Development Team. © Medwell Publishing 2024 All Rights Reserved