References

AOAC., 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC., USA., pp: 69-88.

Bal, M.A., D. Ozturk, R. Aydin, A. Erol, C.O. Ozkan, M. Ata, E. Karakas and P. Karabay, 2006. Nutritive value of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) harvested at different maturity stages. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 9: 205-209.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Barry, T.N. and S.J. Duncan, 1984. The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep: 1. Voluntary intake. Br. J. Nutr., 51: 485-491.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Blummel, M. and E.R. Orskov, 1993. Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting feed intake in cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 40: 109-119.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Brunet, S., F. Jackson and H. Hoste, 2008. Effects of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) extract and monomers of of abomasal nematode larvae with fundic explants. Inter. J. Parasit., 38: 783-790.
CrossRef  |  

Carleton, A.E., C.S. Cooper, R.H. Delaney, A.L Dubbs and R.F. Eslick, 1968. Growth and forage quality comparison of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Agron. J., 60: 630-632.

Chaji, M., T. Mohammadabadi, M. Mamouei and S. Tabatabaei, 2010. The effect of processing with high steam and sodium hydroxide on nutritive value of sugarcane pith by in vitro gas production. J. Anim. Vent. Adv., 9: 1015-1018.
Direct Link  |  

Kamalak, A., 2006. Determination of nutritive value of leaves of a native grown shrub, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. using in vitro and in situ measurements. Small Rum. Res., 64: 268-278.
CrossRef  |  

Kamalak, A., 2010. Determination of potential nutritive value of Polygonum aviculare hay harvested at three maturity stages. J. Applied Anim. Res., 38: 69-71.

Kumar, R. and M. Singh, 1984. Tannins: Their adverse role in ruminant nutrition. J. Agric. Food Chem., 32: 447-453.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Lohan, O.P., D. Lall, J. Vaid and S.S. Negi, 1983. Utilization of oak tree fodder in cattle ration and fate of oak leaf tannins in the ruminant system. Ind. J. Anim. Sci., 53: 1057-1063.

Majak, W., J.W. Hall and W.P. McCaughey, 1995. Pasture management strategies for reducing the risk of legume bloat in cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 73: 1493-1498.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Makkar, H.P.S., B. Singh and S.S. Negi, 1989. Relationship of rumen degradability with microbial colonization, cell wall constituents and tannin levels in some tree leaves. Anim. Prod. Sci., 49: 299-303.

Makkar, H.P.S., M. Blummel and K. Becker, 1995. Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in in vitro techniques. Br. J. Nutr., 73: 897-913.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Menke, K.H., L. Raab, A. Salewski, H. Steingass, D. Fritz and W. Schneider, 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor In vitro. J. Agric. Sci., 93: 217-222.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Mesgaran, M.D. and T. Mohammadabadi, 2010. The effect of fat content of chemically treated sunflower meal on in vitro gas production parameters using isolated Rumen microbiota. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 9: 2466-2471.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Mesgaran, M.D., M. Malakkhahi, A.R.H. Moussavi, A. Vakili and A. Tahmasbi, 2010. In situ ruminal degradation and in vitro gas production of chemically treated sesame stover. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 9: 2256-2260.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Ozturk, D., C.O. Ozkan, A.I. Atalay and A. Kamalak, 2006. The effect of species and site on the condensed tannin content of shrub and tree leaves. Res. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 1: 41-44.
Direct Link  |  

Singleton, V.L., 1981. Naturally occurring food toxicants: Phenolic substances of plant origin common in foods. Adv. Food. Res., 27: 149-242.
CrossRef  |  

Theodorou, M.K., B.A. Williams, M.S. Dhanoa, A.B. McAllan and J. France, 1994. A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 48: 185-197.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Van Soest, P.J. and J.B. Robertson, 1985. A Laboratory Manual for Animal Science. Ithaca, Cornell University, New York.

Van Soest, P.J., 1963. Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin. J. Assoc. Official Agric. Chemists J., 46: 829-835.
Direct Link  |