References

Adamu, L., N.M. Adzahan, R. Abdullah and B. Ahmad, 2010. Effects of race distance on physical, hematological and biochemical parameters of endurance horses. Am. J. Anim. Vet. Sci., 5: 244-248.

Al-Qudah, K.M and A.M. Al-Majali, 2008. Higher lipid peroxidation indices in horses eliminated from endurance race because of synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (Thumps). J. Equine Vet. Sci., 28: 573-578.
Direct Link  |  

Capomaccio, S., C. Katia, S. Giacomo, M. Marzia and M. Michela et al., 2011. Athletic humans and horses: Comparative analysis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in trained and untrained subjects at rest. BMC Physiol., 11: 1-9.
Direct Link  |  

Castejon, F., P. Trigo, A. Munoz and C. Riber, 2006. Uric acid responses to endurance racing and relationships with performance, plasma biochemistry and metabolic alterations. Equine Vet. J. Suppl., 36: 70-73.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Donovan, D.C., A.J. Christie, T.C. Patrick, N. Natalie and D.J. Hurley, 2007. Exercise-induced alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin F2α in horses. Vet. Imm. Immunopath., 118: 263-269.
Direct Link  |  

Foreman, J.H., 1998. The exhausted horse syndrome. Vet. Clin. N. Am: Equine Pract., 14: 205-219.

Francesca, S., C.S. Harold, W.H. Kenneth, J.G. Raymond and J.C. Eduard, 2007. Electrolyte supplementation for endurance horses: Effects on fluid losses and performance. AAEP Proc., 42: 82-85.
Direct Link  |  

Friend, T.H., 2000. Dehydration, stress and water consumption of horses during long-distance commercial transport. J. Ani. Sci., 78: 2568-2580.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Funkquist, P., G. Nyman and S.G. Persson, 2000. Hemodynamic response to exercise in standardbred trotters with red cell hypervolemia. Equine Vet. J., 32: 426-431.

Geor, R.J., D.J. Weiss, S.M. Burris and C.M. Smith, 1992. Effects of furosemide and pentoxifylline on blood flow properties in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res., 53: 2043-2049.

Grosskopft, J.F.W. and J.J. van Rensburg, 1983. Some Observations on the Haematology and Blood Biochemistry of Horses Competing in 80 km Endurance Rides. In: Equine Exercise Physiology I, Snow, D.H., S.G.B. Persson and R.J. Rose (Eds.). Granta Editions, Cambridge, pp: 425-431.

Hirshman, M.F., H. Wallberg-Henriksson, L.J. Wardzala, E.D. Horton and E.S. Horton, 1988. Acute exercise increases the number of plasma membrane glucose transporters in rat skeletal muscle. FEBS letters, 238: 235-239.
CrossRef  |  

Hodgson, D.R., R.E. Davis and F.F. McConaghy, 1994. Thermoregulation in the horse in response to exercise. Br. Vet. J., 150: 219-235.
Direct Link  |  

Irving, R.A., T.D. Noakes, S.C. Burger, K.H. Myburgh, D. Querido and R. Van-Zyl-Smit, 1990. Plasma volume and renal function during and after ultramarathon running. Med. Sci. Sport Exer., 22: 581-587.

Kastner, S.B., R.K. Feige and M.A. Weishaupt, 1999. Heart rate and hematological responses of quarter horses to reining competition. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 19: 127-131.
Direct Link  |  

Kearns, C.F., K.H. McKeever, H. John-Alder, T. Abe and W.F. Brechue, 2002. Relationship between body composition, blood volume and maximal oxygen uptake. Equine Vet. J., 34: 485-490.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kim, D.J., J.H. Noh, N.H. Cho, B.W. Lee, Y.H. Choi and J.H. Jung, 2005. Serum g-glutamyltransferase within its normal concentration range is related to the presence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. Diab. Med., 22: 1134-1140.

McKeever, K.H., 2004. Body Fluids and Electrolytes: Responses to Exercise and Training. In: Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery, Hinchcliff, K.W., A.J. Kaneps and R.J. Geor (Eds.). WB. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp: 854-871.

McKeever, K.H., K.W. Hinchcliff, S.M. Reed and J.T. Robertson, 1993. Role of decreased plasma volume in hematocrit alterations during incremental treadmill exercise in horses. Am. J. Physiol., 265: 404-408.
Direct Link  |  

Munoz, A., C. Riber, P. Trigo, C. Castejon-Riber and F.M. Castejon, 2010. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances and renin-angiotensin-aldosteron-vasopressin axis in successful and unsuccessful endurance horses. Equine Vet. J. Suppl., 38: 83-90.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Munoz, A., R. Santisteban, M.D, Rubio, E.I. Aguera, B.M. Escribano and F.M. Castejon, 1999. Locomotor, cardiocirculatory and metabolic adaptations to training in Andalusian and Anglo-Arabian horses. Res. Vet. Sci., 66: 25-31.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Pedersen, B.K., 2005. Natural immunity-effect of exercise. Nat. Imm., 5: 263-288.
Direct Link  |  

Piccione, G., I. Vazzana, C. Giannetto, M. Gianesella and Ferrantelli, 2010. Modification of some hematological and hematochemical parameters in horse during long distance ride. Res. J. Vet. Sci., 3: 49-55.

Poso-Reeta, A., S. Hyyppa and R.J. Geor, 2004. Metabolic Responses to Exercise and Training. In: Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery, Hinchcliff, K.W., A. Kaneps and R.J. Geor (Eds.). Saunders Press, China, pp: 771-792.

Prenen, H., C. Stefanq, B. Landuyt, P. Vermaelen and M. Debiec-Bollen, 2005. Imatinib mesylate inhibits glucose uptake in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells by downregulation of the glucose transporters recruitment to the plasma membrane. Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnol., 1: 95-102.
Direct Link  |  

Robson-Ansley, P., B. Martin, C. Jane, H. Susan and E. Clare et al., 2009. The effect of repeated endurance exercise on IL-6 and sIL-6R and their relationship with sensations of fatigue at rest. Cytokine, 45: 111-116.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Rose, R.J. and D.R. Hodgson, 1994. Hematology and Biochemistry. In: Principles and Practice of Equine Sports Medicine: The Athletic Horse, Hodgson, D.H. and R.J. Rose (Eds.). W.B. Sauders Company, Philadelphia, pp: 63-78.

Rose, R.J., 1986. Endurance exercise in the horse-a review. Part I. Br. Vet. J., 142: 532-541.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Rose, R.J., D.R. Hodgson, D. Sampson and W. Chan, 1983. Changes in plasma biochemistry in horses competing in 160 km endurance ride. Aust. Vet. J., 60: 101-105.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Rose, R.J., J.E. Ilkiw and I.C.A. Martin, 1979. Blood-gas, acid-base and hematological values in horses during an endurance ride. Equine Vet. J., 11: 56-59.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Smith, J.E., H.H. Erickson and R.M. Debowes, 1989. Changes in circulating equine erythrocytes induced by brief, high-speed exercise. Equine Vet. J., 21: 444-446.
CrossRef  |  

Snow, D.H., S.W. Ricketts and D.K. Mason, 1983. Hematological response to racing and training exercise in Thoroughbred horse, with particular reference to the leukocyte response. Equine Vet. J., 15: 149-154.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Trigo, P., F. Castejon, C. Riber and A. Munoz, 2010. Use of biochemical parameters to predict metabolic elimination in endurance rides. Equine Vet. J., 42: 142-146.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Tullson, P.C. and R.L. Terjung, 1991. Adenine nucleotide synthesis in exercising and endurance-trained skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol., 261: 342-347.
Direct Link  |  

Zobba, R., M. Ardu, S. Niccolini, F. Cubeddu and C. Dimauro et al., 2011. Physical, hematological and biochemical responses to acute intense exercise in polo horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 31: 542-548.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |