References

Bailey, C.J., S.W.J. Reid, D.R. Hodgson, C.J. Suann and R.J. Rose, 1997. Risk factors associated with musculoskeletal injuries in Australian Thoroughbred racehorses. Prev. Vet. Med., 32: 47-55.
PubMed  |  

Boden, L.A., G.A. Anderson, J.A. Charles, K.L. Morgan and J.M. Morton et al., 2007. Risk factors for Thoroughbred racehorse fatality in flat starts in Victoria, Australia: 1989-2004. Equine Vet. J., 39: 430-437.
PubMed  |  

Dyson, P.K., B.F. Jackson, D.U. Pfeiffer and J.S. Price, 2008. Days lost from training by two-and three-year-old Thoroughbred horses: A survey of seven UK training yards. Equine Vet. J., 40: 650-657.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Kawcak, C.E., L.R. Bramlage and R.M. Embertson, 1995. Diagnosis and management of incomplete fracture of the distal palmar aspect of the third metacarpal bone in five horses. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 206: 335-337.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Kulin, R.M., F. Jiangand K.S. Vecchio, 2011. Effects of age and loading rate on equine cortical bone failure. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 4: 57-75.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Martin, G.S., P.F. Haynes and J.R. McClure, 1988. Effect of third carpal slab fracture and repair on racing performance in Thoroughbred horses: 31 cases (1977-1984). J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 193: 107-110.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Oikawa, M. and R. Kusunose, 2005. Fractures sustained by racehorses in Japan during flat racing with special reference to track condition and racing time. Vet. J., 170: 369-374.
PubMed  |  

Parkin, T.D., 2008. Epidemiology of racetrack injuries in racehorses. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract., 24: 1-19.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Peloso, J.G., G.D. Mundy and N.D. Cohen, 1994. Incidence of and factors associated with musculoskeletal racing injuries of Thoroughbreds. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 204: 620-626.

Pinchbeck, G.L., P.D. Clegg, C.J. Proudman, A. Stirk, K.L. Morgan and N.P. French, 2004. Horse injuries and racing practices in National Hunt racehorses in the UK: The results of a prospective cohort study. Vet. J., 167: 45-52.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Riggs, C.M., 2002. Fractures a preventable hazard of racing thoroughbreds?. Vet. J., 163: 19-29.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Schneider, R.K., L.R. Bramlage, A.A. Gabel, L.M. Barone and B.M. Kantrowitz, 1988. Incidence, location and classification of 371 third carpal bone fractures in 313 horses. Equine Vet. J., 6: 33-42.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Stover, S.M., 2003. The epidemiology of thoroughbred racehorse injuries. Clin. Techniques Equine Pract., 2: 312-322.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Ueda, Y., K. Yoshida and M. Oikawa, 1993. Analysis of race accident conditions through use of patrol video. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 13: 707-710.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Verheyen, K.L., J.R. Newton, J.S. Price and J.L. Wood, 2006. A case-control study of factors associated with pelvic and tibial stress fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses in training in the UK. Prev. Vet. Med., 74: 21-35.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Verheyen, K.L., J.S. Price, L. Lanyon and J.L. Wood, 2006. Exercise distance and speed affect the risk of fracture in racehorses. Bone, 39: 1322-1330.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wilsher, S., W.R. Allen and J.L. Wood, 2006. Factors associated with failure of Thoroughbred racehorses to train and race. Equine Vet. J., 38: 113-118.
PubMed  |