References

Barsante, M.M., E. Roffe, C.M. Yokoro, W.L. Tafuri and D.G. Souza et al., 2005. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of atorvastatin in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 516: 282-289.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Beutler, B., 2003. Innate immune responses to microbial poisons: Discovery and function of the toll-like receptors. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 43: 609-628.
PubMed  |  

Bonnefous, C., J.E. Payne, J. Roppe, H. Zhuang and X. Chen et al., 2009. Discovery of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) inhibitor development candidate KD7332, part 1: Identification of a novel, potent and selective series of quinolinone iNOS dimerization inhibitors that are orally active in rodent pain models. J. Med. Chem., 52: 3047-3062.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

D'Acquisto, F., M.J. May and S. Ghosh, 2002. Inhibition of nuclear facor κB (NF-B): An emerging theme in anti-inflammatory therapies. Mol. Interven., 2: 22-35.
Direct Link  |  

Dantas, A.C.B., F.F.A.B. de Junior, L.F. Macedo, M.N.C. Mendes, I.M. Azevedo and A.C. Medeiros, 2010. Protective effect of simvastatin in the cyclophosphamide-induced hemohrragic cystitis in rats. Acta Cir. Bras., 25: 43-46.
CrossRef  |  

Dinarello, C.A., 2010. Anti-inflammatory agents: Present and future. Cell, 140: 935-950.
CrossRef  |  

Funk, C.D., 2001. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: Advances in eicosanoid biology. Science, 294: 1871-1875.
CrossRef  |  

Funk, J.L., J. Chen, K.J. Downey and R.A. Clark, 2008. Bone protective effect of simvastatin in experimental arthritis. J. Rheumatol., 35: 1083-1091.
PubMed  |  

Garjani, A.R., S. Andabil, M. Ziaee and N. Maleki-Dizaji, 2008. Biphasic effects of atorvastatin on inflammation. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 21: 125-130.
Direct Link  |  

Goncalves, D.O., I.B.F. Calou, R.P. Siqueira, A.A. Lopes and L.K.A. Leal et al., 2011. In vivo and In vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of lovastatin in rodents. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 44: 173-181.

Hasegawa, H., R. Yamamoto, H. Takano, M. Mizukami, M. Asakawa, T. Nagai and I. Komuro, 2003. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors prevent the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in rats. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 35: 953-960.
PubMed  |  

Kamerling, S.G., 1993. Narcotics and local anesthetics. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract., 9: 605-620.
PubMed  |  

Kumar, V.L., B. Guruprasad and V.D. Wahane, 2010. Atorvastatin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in adjuvant-induced monoarthritis. Inflammopharmacol., 18: 303-308.
PubMed  |  

Ley, S., A. Waterman and A. Livingston, 1990. Variation in the analgesic effects of xylazine in different breeds of sheep. Vet. Rec., 126: 508-508.
PubMed  |  

Mandosi, E., M. Fallarino, A. Gatti, A. Carnovale and M. Rossetti et al., 2010. Atorvastatin downregulates monocyte CD36 expression, nuclear NFκB and TNFalpha levels in type 2 diabetes. J. Atheroscler Thromb., 17: 539-545.
PubMed  |  

Massaro, M., A. Zampolli, E. Scoditti, M.A. Carluccio, C. Storelli, A. Distante and R. De Caterina, 2010. Statins inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human endothelial cells: Antiangiogenic actions possibly contributing to plaque stability. Cardiovasc. Res., 86: 311-320.
PubMed  |  

McCarey, D.W., I. McInnes, R. Mahdhok, R. Hampson and O. Scherbakova et al., 2004. Trial of Atorvastatin in Rheumatoid Arthritis (TARA): Double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 363: 2015-2021.
PubMed  |  

McTaggart, F., L. Buckett, R. Davidson, G. Holdgate and A. McCormick et al., 2001. Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of Rosuvastatin, a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor. Am. J. Cardiol., 87: 28B-32B.
PubMed  |  

Namvaran Abbas Abad, A., M.K. Nouri, A. Gharjanie and F. Tavakoli, 2011. Effect of Matricaria chamomilla hydroalcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced neuropathy in mice. Chin. J. Nat. Med., 9: 126-131.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Nezic, L., R. Skrbic, S. Dobric, M.P. Stojiljkovic and V. Jacevic et al., 2009. Simvastatin and indomethacin have similar anti-inflammatory activity in a rat model of acute local inflammation. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 104: 185-191.
PubMed  |  

Nezic, L., R. Skrbic, S. Dobric, M.P. Stojiljkovic, S.S. Satara, Z.A. Milovanovic and N. Stojakovic, 2009. Effect of simvastatin on proinflammatory cytokines production during lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rats. Gen. Physiol. Biophys., 28: 119-126.
PubMed  |  

Pahan, K., F.G. Sheikh, A.M. Namboodiri and I. Singh, 1997. Lovastatin and phenylacetate inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase and cytokines in rat primary astrocytes, microglia and macrophages. J. Clin. Invest., 100: 2671-2679.
CrossRef  |  

Ross, R., 1999. Atherosclerosis: An inflammatory disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 340: 115-126.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, 1994. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The scandinavian simvastatin survival study (4S). Lancet, 344: 1383-1389.
Direct Link  |  

Shepherd, J., S.M. Cobbe, I. Ford, C.G. Isles and A.R. Lorimer et al., 1995. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland coronary prevention study group. N. Engl. J. Med., 333: 1301-1307.
PubMed  |  

Sparrow, C.P., C.A. Burton, M. Hernandez, S. Mundt and H. Hassing et al., 2001. Simvastatin has anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic activities independent of plasma cholesterol lowering. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 21: 115-115.

Stanislaus, R., K. Pahan, A.K. Singh and I. Singh, 1999. Amelioration of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats by lovastatin. Neurosci. Lett., 269: 71-74.
PubMed  |  

Stuve, O., H.C. von Budingen and S. Youssef et al., 2002. The potential role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in multiple sclerosis therapy. Recent. Res. Dev. Immunol., 4: 507-521.

Tousoulis, D., C. Antoniades, E. Bosinakou, M. Kotsopoulou and C Pitsavos et al., 2005. Effects of atorvastatin on reactive hyperemia and inflammatory process in patients with congestive heart failure. Atherosclerosis, 178: 359-363.
PubMed  |  

Trocha, M., A. Merwid-Lad, A. Szuba, E. Chlebda, M. Piesniewska, T. Sozanski and A. Szelag, 2010. Effect of simvastatin on nitric oxide synthases (eNOS, iNOS) and arginine and its derivatives (ADMA, SDMA) in ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver. Pharmacol. Rep., 62: 343-351.
PubMed  |  

Wahane, V.D. and V.L. Kumar, 2010. Atorvastatin ameliorates inflammatory hyperalgesia in rat model of monoarticular arthritis. Pharmacol. Res., 61: 329-333.
CrossRef  |  

Wang, C.Y., P.Y. Liu and J.K. Liao, 2008. Pleiotropic effects of statin therapy: Molecular mechanisms and clinical results. Trends Mol. Med., 14: 37-44.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Weitz-Schmidt, G., K. Welzenbach, V. Brinkmann, T. Kamata and J. Kallen et al., 2001. Statins selectively inhibit leukocyte function antigen-1 by binding to a novel regulatory integrin site. Nat. Med., 7: 687-692.
CrossRef  |  

West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group, 1998. Influence of pravastatin and plasma lipids on clinical events in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). Circulation, 97: 1440-1445.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Yamagata, T., K. Kinoshita, Y. Nozaki, M. Sugiyama, S. Ikoma and M. Funauchi, 2007. Effects of pravastatin in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Rheumatol. Int., 27: 631 -639.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |