Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2008-March 2009 to estimate the prevalence of the Bovine Cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered at the Nekemte municipal abattoir and T. saginata infestation in human in Nekemte town. To accomplish this study, inspection of bovine carcasses in the abattoir and a questionnaire survey were used. Cyst distribution and viability of Bovine Cysticercosis was also determined. Of the total of 384 inspected carcasses, 8 carcasses had varying number of C. bovis, giving an overall prevalence 2.08% (8/384). Cysts were detected in shoulder muscle (47.05%), tongue (25%), masseter muscles (12.5%) and heart (12.5%). From a total of 34 cysticerci collected (61.76%) were viable were viable and (3) 12.5% were classified. There were no statistical significant difference (p>0.05) in prevalence between age, sex and body condition scores of animals. Data from the questioner survey showed that, from the total of 125 interviewed respondents, 17.5% (21/120) reveled having contracted T. saginata infection. The prevalence was statistically significant between religion of respondents (p<0.05). However, the infestation with T. saginata did not significantly different (p>0.05) with the educational status, sex and age of the respondents. The habit of eating raw meat, use of latrines and backyard slaughter are the main risk factors for Bovine Cysticercosis in the area. The current study revealed the importance of cysticercosis and taeniasis both in economic and public health aspects. Therefore, attention should be given to improve meat inspection procedures and sanitary conditions as well as public awareness and environmental hygiene for control of the disease.