References

Ahrens-Fath, I., O. Politz, C. Geserick and B. Haendler, 2005. Androgen receptor function is modulated by the tissue-specific AR45 variant. FEBS J., 272: 74-84.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Benson, D.A., M. Cavanaugh, K. Clark, I. Karsch-Mizrachi, D.J. Lipman, J. Ostell and E.W. Sayers, 2013. GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res., 41: D36-D42.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Brinkmann, A.O., 2001. Lessons to be learned from the androgen receptor. Eur. J. Dermatol., 11: 301-303.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Chamberlain, N.L., E.D. Driver and R.L. Miesfeld, 1994. The length and location of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor N-terminal domain affect transactivation function. Nucleic Acids Res., 22: 3181-3186.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Concolino, G., A. Marocchi, V. Toscano and F. Di Silverio, 1981. Nuclear androgen receptor as marker of responsiveness to medroxyprogesterone acetate in human renal cell carcinoma. J. Steroid Biochem., 15: 397-402.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Death, A.K., K.C.Y. McGrath, M.A. Sader, S. Nakhla, W. Jessup, D.J. Handelsman and D.S. Celermajer, 2004. Dihydrotestosterone promotes vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in male human endothelial cells via a nuclear factor-κB-dependent pathway. Endocrinology, 145: 1889-1897.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Doublier, S., E. Lupia, P. Catanuto, S. Periera-Simon and X. Xia et al., 2011. Testosterone and 17β-estradiol have opposite effects on podocyte apoptosis that precedes glomerulosclerosis in female estrogen receptor knockout mice. Kidney Int., 79: 404-413.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Fix, C., C. Jordan, P. Cano and W.H. Walker, 2004. Testosterone activates mitogen-activated protein kinase and the cAMP response element binding protein transcription factor in sertoli cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 101: 10919-10924.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Flicek, P., I. Ahmed, M.R. Amode, D. Barrell and K. Beal et al., 2013. Ensembl 2013. Nucleic Acids Res., 41: D48-D55.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Gralinski, M.R., 2003. The dog's role in the preclinical assessment of QT interval prolongation. Toxicol. Pathol., 31: 11-16.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Heinlein, C.A. and C. Chang, 2002. The roles of androgen receptors and androgen-binding proteins in nongenomic androgen actions. Mol. Endocrinol., 16: 2181-2187.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Herman, E.H. and V.J. Ferrans, 1998. Preclinical animal models of cardiac protection from anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Semin. Oncol., 25: 15-21.
PubMed  |  

Jenster, G., H.A.G.M. van der Korput, J. Trapman and A.O. Brinkmann, 1995. Identification of two transcription activation units in the N-terminal domain of the human androgen receptor. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 7341-7346.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Kalra, M., J. Mayes, S. Assefa, A.K. Kaul and R. Kaul, 2008. Role of sex steroid receptors in pathobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol., 14: 5945-5961.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Kuiper, G.G.J.M., P.W. Faber, H.C.J. van Rooij, J.A.G.M. van der Korput and C. Ris-Stalpers et al., 1989. Structural organization of the human androgen receptor gene. J. Mol. Endocrinol., 2: R1-R4.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kummer, S., G. von Gersdorff, M.J. Kemper and J. Oh, 2012. The influence of gender and sexual hormones on incidence and outcome of chronic kidney disease. Pediatrics Nephrol., 27: 1213-1219.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Langner, C., M. Ratschek, P. Rehak, L. Schips and R. Zigeuner, 2004. Steroid hormone receptor expression in renal cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical analysis of 182 tumors. J. Urol., 171: 611-614.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Lin, H.Y., I.C. Yu, R.S. Wang, Y.T. Chen and N.C. Liu et al., 2008. Increased hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice lacking hepatic androgen receptor. Hepatology, 47: 1924-1935.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Lu, B., S.L. Smock, T.A. Castleberry and T.A. Owen, 2001. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the canine androgen receptor. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 226: 129-140.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Marsh, J.D., M.H. Lehmann, R.H. Ritchie, J.K. Gwathmey, G.E. Green and R.J. Schiebinger, 1998. Androgen receptors mediate hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes. Circulation, 98: 256-261.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

McCrohon, J.A., W. Jessup, D.J. Handelsman and D.S. Celermajer, 1999. Androgen exposure increases human monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and endothelial cell expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Circulation, 99: 2317-2322.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Morano, I., J. Gerstner, J.C. Ruegg, U. Ganten, D. Ganten and H.P. Vosberg, 1990. Regulation of myosin heavy chain expression in the hearts of hypertensive rats by testosterone. Circ. Res., 66: 1585-1590.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Muller, J.M., U. Isele, E. Metzger, A. Rempel and M. Moser et al., 2000. FHL2, a novel tissue-specific coactivator of the androgen receptor. Embo J., 19: 359-369.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Palvimo, J.J., P.J. Kallio, T. Ikonen, M. Mehto and O.A. Janne, 1993. Dominant negative regulation of trans-activation by the rat androgen receptor: Roles of the N-terminal domain and heterodimer formation. Mol. Endocrinol., 7: 1399-1407.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Reckelhoff, J.F., H. Zhang and K. Srivastava, 2000. Gender differences in development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Role of the renin-angiotensin system. Hypertension, 35: 480-483.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Sabolic, I., A.R. Asif, W.E. Budach, C. Wanke, A. Bahn and G. Burckhardt, 2007. Gender differences in kidney function. Pflug Arch.-Eur. J. Phy., 455: 397-429.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Shyr, C.R., C.C. Chen, T.F. Hsieh, C.H. Chang and W.L. Ma et al., 2013. The expression and actions of androgen receptor in Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UUTUC) tissues and the primary cultured cells. Endocrine, 43: 191-199.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Tsuei, D.J., P.H. Lee, H.Y. Peng, H.L. Lu and D.S. Su et al., 2011. Male germ cell-specific RNA binding protein RBMY: A new oncogene explaining male predominance in liver cancer. PLoS ONE, Vol. 6. 10.1371/journal.pone.0026948

Walters, K.A., U. Simanainen and D.J. Handelsman, 2010. Molecular insights into androgen actions in male and female reproductive function from androgen receptor knockout models. Hum. Reprod. Update, 16: 543-558.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Weiss, B., H. Faus and B. Haendler, 2007. Phylogenetic conservation of the androgen receptor AR45 variant form in placental mammals. Gene, 399: 105-111.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wu, Z.Y., K. Chen, B. Haendler, T.V. McDonald and J.S. Bian, 2008. Stimulation of N-terminal truncated isoform of androgen receptor stabilizes human ether-a-go-go-related gene-encoded potassium channel protein via activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2. Endocrinology, 149: 5061-5069.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |