References

Abu-Hamdah, S., F.U. Afifi, M. Shehadeh and S. Khalid, 2005. Simple quality-control procedures for selected medicinal plants commonly used in Jordan. Pharm. Biol., 43: 1-7.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Adzu, B. and A. Haruna, 2007. Studies on the use of Zizyphus spina-christi against pain in rats and mice. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 6: 1317-1324.
Direct Link  |  

Afifi, F.U. and V. Kasabri, 2013. Pharmacological and phytochemical appraisal of selected medicinal plants from Jordan with claimed antidiabetic activities. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 81: 889-932.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Alhakmani, F., S.A. Khan and A. Ahmad, 2014. Determination of total phenol, in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of seeds and fruits of Zizyphus spina-christi grown in Oman. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 4: S656-S660.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Ali, H., P.J. Houghton and A. Soumyanath, 2006. α-Amylase inhibitory activity of some Malaysian plants used to treat diabetes; with particular reference to Phyllanthus amarus. J. Ethnopharmacol., 107: 449-455.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Apostolidis, E., Y.I. Kwon, K. Shetty, E. Apostolidis and Y.I. Kwon, 2006. Potential of cranberry-based herbal synergies for diabetes and hypertension management. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 15: 433-441.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Asgarpanah, J. and E. Haghighat, 2012. Phytochemistry and pharmacologic properties of Ziziphus spina christi (L.) Willd. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 6: 2332-2339.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Bojarova, P. and V. Kren, 2009. Glycosidases: A key to tailored carbohydrates. Trends Biotechnol., 27: 199-209.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Chopade, A.R., P.M. Somade and F.J. Sayyad, 2012. Membrane stabilizing activity and protein denaturation: A possible mechanism of action for the anti-inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus amarus. J. Krishna Inst. Med. Sci. Univ., 1: 67-72.
Direct Link  |  

Dai, J. and R.J. Mumper, 2010. Plant phenolics: Extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules, 15: 7313-7352.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

De, P., S. Sarkar and M.J. Mukhophadhyay, 2017. Anti-protein denaturation activity and bioactive compound screening of piper betel aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 6: 52-55.
Direct Link  |  

Elaloui, M., A. Ennajah, H. Ghazghazi, I.B. Youssef and N.B. Othman et al., 2016. Quantification of total phenols, flavonoides and tannins from Ziziphus jujube (mill.) and Ziziphus lotus (l.) (Desf). Leaf extracts and their effects on antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Intl. J. Secondary Metabolite, 4: 18-26.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Fabricant, D.S. and N.R. Farnsworth, 2001. The value of plants used in traditional medicine for drug discovery. Environ. Health Perspect., 109: 69-75.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Felhi, S., A. Daoud, H. Hajlaoui, K. Mnafgui and N. Gharsallah et al., 2017. Solvent extraction effects on phytochemical constituents profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and functional group analysis of Ecballium elaterium seeds and peels fruits. Food Sci. Techno., 37: 483-492.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Fred-Jaiyesimi, A., A. Kio and W. Richard, 2009. α-Amylase inhibitory effect of 3β-olean-12-en-3-yl (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoate isolated from Spondias mombin leaf. Food Chem., 116: 285-288.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Gambhire, M.N., A.R. Juvekar and S.S. Sakat, 2009. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Murraya koenigi leaves by in vivo and in vitro methods. Pharmacol Online, 1: 1072-1094.

Ghareeb, D.A., A.M. ElAhwany, S.M. El-Mallawany and A.A. Saif, 2014. In vitro screening for anti-acetylcholiesterase, anti-oxidant anti-glucosidase, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect of three traditional medicinal plants. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip., 28: 1155-1164.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Gholamhoseinian, A., H. Fallah, F. Sharifi-far and M. Mirtajaddini, 2008. The inhibitory effect of some iranian plants extracts on the alpha glucosidase. Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci., 11: 1-9.
Direct Link  |  

Greenfield, J.R. and L.V. Campbell, 2006. Relationship between inflammation, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: Cause or effect?. Curr. Diabetes Rev., 2: 195-211.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Grover, J.K., S. Yadav and V. Vats, 2002. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J. Ethnopharmacol., 81: 81-100.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Gulati, V., I.H. Harding and E.A. Palombo, 2012. Enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of traditional medicinal plants: Potential application in the management of hyperglycemia. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., Vol. 12. 10.1186/1472-6882-12-77

Hamza, A.A., T.S. Ksiksi, O.A.A. Shamsi and S.A. Balfaqh, 2015. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of common traditional medicinal plants used for diabetes mellitus. J. Dev. Drugs, Vol. 4. 10.4172/2329-6631.1000144

Jung, H.A., S. Karki, N.Y. Ehom, M.H. Yoon and E.J. Kim et al., 2014. Anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of green and red kohlrabi cultivars (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes). Preventive Nutr. Food Sci., 19: 281-290.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Jung, M., M. Park, H.C. Lee, Y.H. Kang and E.S. Kang et al., 2006. Antidiabetic agents from medicinal plants. Curr. Med. Chem., 13: 1203-1218.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Khaleel, S.M.J., A.S. Jaran and M.S.Y. Haddadin, 2016. Evaluation of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of three leaf extracts of Ziziphus spina-christi (Sedr) grown in Jordan. Br. J. Med. Med. Res., 14: 1-8.

Kimmel, B. and S.E. Inzucchi, 2005. Oral agents for type 2 diabetes: An update. Clin. Diabetes, 23: 64-76.
Direct Link  |  

Kumar, S., S. Narwal, V. Kumar and O. Prakash, 2011. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from plants: A natural approach to treat diabetes. Pharmacogn. Rev., 5: 19-29.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Liamis, G., E. Liberopoulos, F. Barkas and M. Elisaf, 2014. Diabetes mellitus and electrolyte disorders. World J. Clin. Cases, 2: 488-496.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Luft, V.C., M.I. Schmidt, J.S. Pankow, D. Couper and C.M. Ballantyne et al., 2013. Chronic inflammation role in the obesity-diabetes association: A case-cohort study. Diabetology Metab. Syndrome, 5: 31-38.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Mathers, C.D. and D. Loncar, 2006. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med., Vol. 3. 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442

Modak, M., P. Dixit, J. Londhe, S. Ghaskadbi and T.P.A. Devasagayam, 2007. Indian herbs and herbal drugs used for the treatment of diabetes. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr., 40: 163-173.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Nair, S.S., V. Kavrekar and A. Mishra, 2013. In vitro studies on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activities of selected plant extracts. Eur. J. Exp. Biol., 3: 128-132.
Direct Link  |  

Oboh, G., A.J. Akinyemi, A.O. Ademiluyi and S.A. Adefegha, 2010. Inhibitory effects of aqueous extract of two varieties of ginger on some key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes In vitro. J. Food Nutr. Res., 49: 14-20.
Direct Link  |  

Olaokun, O.O., L.J. McGaw, J.N. Eloff and V. Naidoo, 2013. Evaluation of the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes, antioxidant activity and polyphenolic content of extracts of ten African Ficus species (Moraceae) used traditionally to treat diabetes. BMC. Complementary Altern. Med., 13: 94-103.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Padmanabhan, P. and S.N. Jangle, 2012. Evaluation of in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of herbal preparation, a combination of four medicinal plants. Int. J. Applied Basic Med. Res., 2: 109-116.

Poongunran, J., H.K.I. Perera, W.I.T. Fernando, L. Jayasinghe and R. Sivakanesan, 2015. α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of nine Sri Lankan antidiabetic plants. Br. J. Pharmaceut. Res., 7: 365-374.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Sales, P.M., P.M. Souza, L.A. Simeoni, P.O. Magalhaes and D. Silveira, 2012. α-amylase inhibitors: A review of raw material and isolated compounds from plant source. J. Pharmacy Pharm. Sci., 15: 141-183.
Direct Link  |  

Sheard, N.F., N.J. Clark, J.C. Brand-Miller, M.J. Franz and F.X. Pi-Sunyer et al., 2004. Dietary carbohydrate (Amount and type) in the prevention and management of diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27: 2266-2271.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Turkmen, N., F. Sari and Y.S. Velioglu, 2006. Effects of extraction solvents on concentration and antioxidant activity of black and black mate tea polyphenols determined by ferrous tartrate and Folin-Ciocalteu methods. Food Chem., 99: 835-841.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Umapathy, E., E.J. Ndebia, A. Meeme, B. Adam and P. Menziwa et al., 2010. An experimental evaluation of Albuca setosa aqueous extract on membrane stabilization, protein denaturation and white blood cell migration during acute inflammation. J. Med. Plants Res., 4: 789-795.
Direct Link  |  

Vane, J.R. and R.M. Botting, 1995. New insights into the mode of action of anti-inflammatory drugs. Inflamm. Res., 44: 1-10.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

WHO., 2016. Global Report on Diabetes. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, ISBN: 9789241565257, Pages: 86.

Wong, F.C., A.L. Yong, E.P.S. Ting, S.C. Khoo, H.C. Ong and T.T. Chai, 2014. Antioxidant, metal chelating, anti-glucosidase activities and phytochemical analysis of selected tropical medicinal plants. Iran. J. Pharm. Res., 13: 1409-1415.
Direct Link  |  

Xiao, Z., R. Storms and A. Tsang, 2006. A quantitative starch-iodine method for measuring alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities. Anal. Biochem., 351: 146-148.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Zaklos-Szyda, M., I. Majewska, M. Redzynia and M. Koziolkiewicz, 2015. Antidiabetic effect of polyphenolic extracts from selected edible plants as α-amylase, α-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitors and β pancreatic cells cytoprotective agents-a comparative study. Curr. Topics Med. Chem., 15: 2431-2444.
Direct Link  |